Revised Guidelines on the Procedures and Technical Requirements for the Issuance of a Certification Allowing the Safe Re-use of Wastewater for Purposes of Irrigation and Other Agricultural Uses, Pursuant to Section 22.C of R.A. 9275

October 15, 2019

DA ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 11, S. 2019

 

WHEREAS, it is the policy of the State to carry out agriculture and fisheries development compatible with the preservation of ecosystems and care and judicious use of the country's resources, under the framework of sustainable development;

WHEREAS, water is an important component of agriculture activities which account for 80% of the total freshwater withdrawal;

WHEREAS, the availability, quantity, and quality of freshwater for irrigation and other agricultural uses are being affected by extreme climate events brought about by climate change and anthropogenic activities;

WHEREAS, freshwater is becoming scarce to sufficiently support the demands of increasing population, agriculture and other activities, while increased population and economic growth has led to a corresponding increase in wastewater production;

WHEREAS, wastewater irrigation and fertilization are established agricultural practices worldwide, and agriculture and fisheries sector can benefit from the proper use of wastewater as an additional resource for irrigation, as liquid fertilizer and for aquaculture activities;

WHEREAS, Section 22 (c) of RA 9275 provides that the Department of Agriculture (DA) shall coordinate with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in the formulation of guidelines for the re-use of wastewater for irrigation and other agricultural uses;

WHEREAS, the DA Administrative Order 2007-26 was issued in 2007 and there is a need to review and revise the guidelines based on new research findings and recent developments;

WHEREAS, all wastewater generators that will re-use wastewater for the purposes of irrigation, fertilization, and aquaculture shall secure a Certification of Safe Wastewater Re-use from the concerned agencies;

NOW, THEREFORE, I, WILLIAM D. DAR, Secretary of the DA in accordance with Section 13 of RA 9275, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 and Rule 13.3 of its Implementing Rules and Regulations hereby issue, in coping with increasing scarcity of freshwater, this Order governing the re-use of wastewater for irrigation, as liquid fertilizer and aquaculture purposes.

PART I

General Provisions

SECTION 1. Definition of Terms. —

The following terms when used in this Administrative Order (AO) shall mean as follows:

A. Access areas— in landscape irrigation, are areas open for public entry such as golf courses, public and private parks, playgrounds, schoolyards and playing fields, residential landscapes and industrial park landscapes.

B. Agricultural land application— the incorporation and/or application of wastewater through safe available methods for its distribution into the land surface for agricultural production and utilization purposes.

C. Agriculture— the art and science or practice of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired goods by systematic raising of plants and animals. It denotes a broad array of activities essential to food and material production, including all techniques for raising and processing livestock and those essential to crop planting and harvesting.

D. Applicant— a wastewater generator who applied for certification to re-use wastewater for irrigation, fertilization, and aquaculture. Wastewater generators shall include but not limited to the different primary users enumerated in Section 5 of this Order.

E. Aquaculture— fishery operation involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh, brackish and marine water areas.

F. Aquifer— a layer of water-bearing rock (e.g., sandstone, limestone, and heavily fractured rock) and unconsolidated materials (e.g., sand and gravel) located underground that transmits water in sufficient quantity to supply pumping wells or natural springs.

G. Contamination— the introduction of substances not found in the natural composition of water that make the water less desirable or unfit for intended use.

H. Crop irrigation— includes the irrigation of areas for food crops (consumed raw and/or not commercially processed, or commercially processed) and non-food crops (e.g., fiber, ornamentals, medicinal, etc.). Food crops that are commercially processed refer to those crops that have undergone chemical or physical processing prior to sale to public or others.

I. Discharge— includes, but is not limited to, the act of spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, releasing or dumping of any material into a water body or onto land from which it might flow or drain into said water.

J. Drip irrigation system— refers to the slow application of water to the soil or individual plant through small orifices or emitters.

K. Effluent— discharges from known source, which is passed into a body of water or land, or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant, industrial plant including domestic, commercial, and recreational facilities.

L. Fertilization— the act or process of applying fertilizer with essential elements to promote growth and yield of a crop.

M. Freshwater— water containing less than 500 parts per million dissolved common salt, sodium chloride, such as that in groundwater, rivers, ponds and lakes.

N. Grantee— an applicant who was granted a certification to re-use wastewater for irrigation, fertilization, aquaculture, and other agricultural purposes.

O. Groundwater— subsurface water that occurs beneath a water table in soils and rocks, or in geological formations.

P. Intake rate— refers to the initial surface vertical entry of water into the soil horizon, wherein water accumulates as a result of the natural formation of a wetting front within the A-horizon.

Q. Irrigation— the application of water to the soil to supplement low rainfall and to provide moisture timely and appropriate in quantity and distribution for plant growth.

R. Landscape irrigation— includes the irrigation of non-agricultural areas that include but are not limited to access and restricted areas.

S. Liquid/Foliar fertilizer— any liquid that contains macronutrients and/or micronutrients, which may be applied into the soil or be sprayed into the aerial portion of the plant. The effectiveness and the method of application of the liquid fertilizer shall be determined from the results of the efficacy test done before the registration of the fertilizer product.

T. Pathogens— organisms (microorganisms and infective parasites) that can cause negative effects on human, animal and plant health.

U. Pollutant— any substance, whether solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive, which directly or indirectly:

• alters the quality of any segment of the receiving water body or land resource so as to affect or tend to affect adversely any beneficial use thereof;

• is hazardous or potentially hazardous to health;

• imparts objectionable odor, temperature change or physical, chemical or biological change to any segment of the water body or land; or

• is in excess of the allowable limits or concentrations or quality standards specified, or in contravention of the condition, limitation or restriction prescribed in these Guidelines.

V. Recycling— the act of using treated wastewater within the same system.

W. Restricted Areas— in landscape irrigation, are areas with limited entry such as freeway landscape, highway medians and other similar areas.

X. Re-use— means taking wastewater from one industry or process, treating it and then using it in another process or industry such as for irrigation, as liquid fertilizer and for aquaculture.

Y. Secretary— the Secretary of the DA.

Z. Setback distance— the distance from the perimeter of the irrigation area to the community or area of concern that is sensitive to contamination.

AA. Small volume wastewater generator— an entity that generates wastewater not exceeding 10 m³/day.

BB. Small volume wastewater re-user— an entity that re-uses all or a portion of wastewater generated for irrigation not exceeding 10 m³/day.

CC. Sprinkler system— the application of water to the surface of the soil in the form of spray, simulating that of rain. The spray is produced by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles.

DD. Surface irrigation system— refers to water application that depends on gravity to spread water across the surface of the land (e.g., furrow, border or basin).

EE. Surface water— all water that is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.

FF. Treatment— any method, technique, or process designed to alter the physical, chemical, biological, or radiological character or composition of any waste or wastewater to reduce or prevent pollution or maximize and/or optimize its re-use potential.

GG. Waste— any material either solid, liquid, semi-solid, contained gas or other forms resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, or from community and household activities that is devoid of usage and discarded.

HH. Wastewater— waste in liquid state containing pollutants.

II. Water quality— the characteristics of water, which define its use in terms of physical, chemical, biological, bacteriological or radiological characteristics by which the acceptability of water is evaluated.

JJ. Water body— means both natural and man-made bodies of fresh, brackish and saline waters, and includes, but is not limited to, aquifers, groundwater, springs, creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lagoons, water reservoirs, lakes, bays, estuarine, coastal and marine waters. It does not refer to those constructed, developed and used purposely as water treatment facilities and/or water storage for recycling and re-use which are integral to process industry or manufacturing.

SECTION 2. Framework. —

This Order is formulated within a framework that considers the protection of environment, human, animal and plant health, and attainment of safe agriculture and fishery production while utilizing wastewater for agriculture and aquaculture purposes.

The quality and quantity of wastewater and the method of application shall conform to the standards and guidelines set herein. Wastewater shall be subjected to a treatment process, as may be required, to achieve the quality limits before use for irrigation, fertilization and aquaculture as secondary uses. Its quantity shall be determined based on requirements specific to the land application and site peculiar conditions. The method of wastewater application shall not, in anyway, result to negative impacts to the environment.

This Order provides for monitoring to determine impacts of wastewater application to soils, surface water and groundwater and responses of plants.

SECTION 3. Scope and Coverage. —

This Order shall cover the requirements for the issuance of certification pertaining to quality, quantity, and distribution methodology for the safe use and re-use of wastewater for on-site and off-site irrigation, fertilization and aquaculture.

This Order applies to all establishments that re-use their wastewater for purposes of irrigation, fertilization, or aquaculture.

SECTION 4. Policy on the Re-Use of Wastewater for Irrigation, Fertilization, and Aquaculture Purposes. —

The re-use of wastewater for irrigation, fertilization, and aquaculture shall require a certification from the following agencies:

 

Table 1. Agencies in-charge of the issuance of certification for safe re-use of wastewater.

Concerned Agency	Purpose of Re-use
National Irrigation Administration (NIA)	Irrigation
Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority (FPA)	Fertilization
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)	Aquaculture

 

No person or entity shall be allowed to re-use wastewater for irrigation, fertilization, and aquaculture without a certification issued by the concerned agency in accordance with this Order.

SECTION 5. Sources of Wastewater. —

Under this Order, wastewater for treatment and/or re-use may originate from the following sources but not limited to:

1. Livestock — includes piggeries, beef and dairy feedlots

2. Food and agro-industrial processes — include food handling; processing and manufacturing plants; sugar mills, refineries and distilleries including biofuels production; slaughterhouses and poultry dressing plants

3. Aquaculture — includes ponds, tanks, and aquaria

4. Municipal/domestic wastewater — Sewage/Septage Treatment Plants (STPs)

The FPA and Regional Offices of NIA and BFAR shall issue a certification for the re-use of wastewater from these sources provided that they comply with the requirements as provided for in this Order.

PART II

General Requirements and Procedure for the Issuance of Certification

SECTION 6. General Requirements for the Issuance of Certification. —

The FPA and Regional Offices of NIA and BFAR shall issue a certification for the re-use of wastewater for fertilization, irrigation, and aquaculture, respectively, upon compliance with the prescribed general requirements.

A. Irrigation

An applicant for the re-use of wastewater for irrigation shall submit the following documents:

1. Description of the proposed irrigation site

a. Location and access

b. Topographic map of the area

c. Soils and land use map

d. Distance to nearest surface water including the name of the water body

e. Location and number of existing wells

2. Characteristics of wastewater based on the parameters listed in Table 3 (Section 9) of this Order

3. Plan on the re-use of wastewater

a. Area to be irrigated, proposed crop/s, irrigation system, method of application and layout of distribution facilities

b. Calculated water requirements for irrigation through water balance analysis or equivalent methods

c. Quantity of wastewater to be re-used for irrigation

d. Schedule of irrigation

e. Nutrient management plan

f. Storage or impoundment provision during rainy months or when irrigation is not permitted

4. Baseline conditions for the following using the prescribed form (Annex 4):

a. Groundwater

b. Surface water

c. Soils

d. List of pests and diseases existing in the area (Form 1 of Annex 6).

An applicant for small volume re-use (i.e., less than or equal to 10 m³/day) for irrigation shall not be required to submit items 1b, 1c, 3b, and 3f. Table 2 summarizes the requirements for re-use of wastewater for irrigation.

 

Table 2. Requirements for Re-use of Wastewater for Irrigation.

Documents

Small Volume Re-use (< 10 m3/day)

Other Re-users (> 10 m3/day)

1. Description of the proposed irrigation site

a. Location and access	R	R
b. Topographic map		R
c. Soils and land-use map		R
d. Nearest surface water body	R	R
e. Location and number of existing wells	R	R
2. Characteristics of Wastewater (Table 3 in Section 9)	R	R
3. Plan on the Re-use of Wastewater
a. Area to be irrigated, proposed crops, etc.	R	R
b. Calculated water requirements		R
c. Quantity of wastewater to be re-used	R	R
d. Schedule of irrigation	R	R
e. Nutrient management plan	R	R
f. Storage or impoundment provision		R
4. Baseline conditions (Annex 4)
a. Surface water	R	R
b. Groundwater	R	R
c. Soils	R	R
d. Lists of pests and diseases	R	R

 

B. Fertilization

For commercial purposes, the applicant shall apply for Registration Certificate (RC) directly to the FPA following the procedures in the FPA Service Guide. This RC shall be the basis for the issuance of certification including the information on volume of wastewater allocated for fertilization.

For non-commercial purposes, an applicant shall submit the following:

1. Description of the proposed application site

a. Location and access

b. Topographic map of the area

c. Soil and land use maps

d. Distance to nearest surface water including the name of the water

e. Location and number of existing wells

2. Characteristics of wastewater

a. Concentration of macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals, if applicable

b. pH level and Electrical Conductivity (EC)

c. Presence of pathogens, if applicable

3. Plan on the re-use of wastewater

a. Area to be fertilized, proposed crop/s, method of application

b. Quantity of wastewater to be re-used for fertilization

c. Schedule of application

d. Nutrient management plan

e. Storage or impoundment provision during rainy months or when fertilization is not permitted.

4. Baseline conditions for the following using the prescribed forms (Annex 4)

a. Surface water

b. Groundwater

c. Soils

C. Aquaculture

An applicant who will re-use wastewater for aquaculture shall submit the following:

1. Description of the aquaculture site

a. Location and access

b. Topographic map of the area

c. Distance to nearest surface water including the name of the water body

2. Characteristics of wastewater based on the parameters listed in Table 4 (Section 9) of this Order

3. Plan on the re-use of wastewater

a. Total area of the farm

b. Farm design and construction

c. Lay-out of treatment ponds

d. Distribution system

e. Culture system and species to be cultured

4. Baseline data on the following:

a. Adjacent surface water

b. Pond bottom soils

c. Pests and diseases of aquatic species

d. Quantity and quality of wastewater to be discharged to the environment

SECTION 7. Fees and Other Expenses for the Issuance of Certification. —

The concerned agency shall collect an application fee in the amount of One Thousand Eight Hundred Pesos (PhP1,800.00) and an additional Six Hundred Pesos (PhP600.00) for the actual issuance of the certification, with a total amount of Two Thousand Four Hundred Pesos (PhP2,400.00). These fees are subject to adjustment based on existing schedule of fees as determined by the concerned certifying agency.

The cost of evaluation and validation of documents related to the certification, which includes but not limited to, transportation, laboratory analysis, and site inspection shall also be borne by the applicant.

SECTION 8. Application Procedure for the Issuance of Certification. —

The application procedure for the issuance of Certification for the re-use of wastewater for first-time applicants is presented in the process flow in Annex 1. The renewal of Certification shall require submission of all the documents listed in Table 2 except for the baseline data on surface water, groundwater, and soils.

An applicant shall submit accomplished application form and the required documents to the regional office of the concerned agencies enumerated in Table 1 which covers the area where the wastewater is generated. The concerned agencies shall evaluate the completeness and compliance of the documents and shall issue the Certification for re-use.

The Certification is one of the requirements for the issuance of Discharge Permit from the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of DENR.

PART III

Technical Requirements for the Re-use of Wastewater

SECTION 9. Quality of Wastewater for Land Application. —

The quality of wastewater is herein set to safeguard crop/fish productivity, human and animal health and to protect the environment.

A. Irrigation

Table 3 outlines the major parameters of wastewater and the required quality or limits for irrigation as set in this Order. Except for fecal coliform and EC, same limits were set for landscape and crop irrigation. Values exceeding these limits may cause detrimental impact to crop productivity, animal and human health, and environment. The limits of trace elements and heavy metals in wastewater for irrigation were adopted from the 2012 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Guidelines for Water Reuse.

A.1 Methods of Analysis

Standard analytical procedures for measurement of wastewater quality requirements for irrigation purposes that must be used in the effluent quality monitoring are those specified in EMB's Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 012, series of 2016 (EMB Approved Methods of Analysis for Water and Wastewater) dated 21 November 2016. The analytical procedures for other parameters not indicated in EMB MC 2016-012 shall be determined by the DA.

The list of analytical methods shall be used as references for laboratories in the conduct of testing wastewater in accordance with the latest edition of the "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" published by the American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation (APHA/AWWA/WEF), the latest edition of the USEPA test methods contained in SW-846: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods, and/or in accordance with such other methods of analysis as the EMB or DA may prescribe.

Laboratory analysis shall be conducted by DENR-recognized environmental laboratories or ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (International Organization for Standardization, 2017) certified laboratories.

 

 

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Table 3. Limits on wastewater quality for irrigation.

Parameters	Landscape Irrigation	Crop Irrigation
Foods eaten raw and not commercially processed	Food crops commercially processed	Non-food crops

For crop productivity and protection of environment

Bicarbonates 1 (mg/L)	< 500	< 500	< 500	< 500
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) (mg/L)	< 150	< 150	< 150	< 150
EC (μS/cm)	< 2000	< 1000	< 1000	< 2000
Free residual chlorine (mg/L)	< 1	< 1	< 1	< 1
pH	6.5-8.0	6.5-8.0	6.5-8.0	6.5-8.0
Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR)	< 18	< 18	< 18	< 18
Sodium (Na) (meq/L)	< 3	< 3	< 3	< 3
Total Nitrogen (TN)1 (mg/L)	< 30	< 30	< 30	< 30
Total Phosphorous (TP)1 (mg/L)	< 30	< 30	< 30	< 30
Total Suspended Solids [TSS] (mg/L)	< 140	< 140	< 140	< 140

For protection of animal and human health

Fecal coliform (MPN/100 mL)

< 200

ND2

< 200

< 200

Limits of trace elements in wastewater for irrigation waters

Parameters

Landscape/Crop Irrigation

Trace elements (mg/L) (if applicable)

Aluminum3	5.00
Barium	6.0
Beryllium	ND4>
Boron	0.75
Cobalt	0.05
Fluoride	1.00
Iron	5.00
Lithium5	2.50
Manganese	0.20
Molybdenum	0.01
Nickel	0.20
Selenium	0.02
Vanadium	0.10
Zinc6	2.00

Heavy Metals (mg/L) (if applicable)

Arsenic	0.10
Cadmium7	0.01
Chromium	0.10
Copper	0.20
Lead	5.00
Mercury	0.002

1 None to moderate degree of restriction 2 Not detectable (ND) — means the total number of fecal coliform organisms shall not exceed 14 MPN/100 mL in any sample 3 High toxicity in acid soils, not a concern if soil pH > 6.5 4 Not detectable 5 Citrus: 0.075 mg/L 6 1 mg/L recommended for sandy soil (pH< 6) 7 Higher toxicity in acid soils

 

B. Fertilization

The major constituents of wastewater for fertilizer used as foliar spray or applied in the soil are the following:

B.1 Crop Productivity

1. Macronutrients — groups of nutrients needed by plants in large amount.

 Primary plant nutrients — include the readily available forms of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and/or Potassium (K) or any combinations of these nutrients.

 Secondary plant nutrients — include readily available forms of Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg).

2. Micronutrients — group of nutrients, which are essential for plant growth in small amount. These include readily available forms of Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B), Molybdenum (Mo), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Chlorine (Cl) and Cobalt (Co).

 The declared nutrient composition shall be plus or minus two percent (2%) of the declared % content of each of the essential nutrients.

3. pH-6.5-8.0

B.2 Methods of Analysis

Samples for the above parameters shall be analyzed by FPA-recognized or ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited laboratories. Methods of analysis used shall include Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and other standard methods duly recommended by FPA.

C. Aquaculture

Pond water shall be free from toxic chemicals, heavy metals and microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi), which are harmful to fishes. The potential danger of pathogen transmissions present in the fish and in the culture environment to handlers and the consumers must be prevented.

Wastewater for grow-out culture of fishes and other fishery resources must comply with the limits outlined in Table 4.

C.1 Methods of Analysis

Methods used for water quality analysis for aquaculture operation shall follow Laboratory Protocols for Fish Health Management and Water Quality Analysis using AOAC Method.

 

Table 4. Limits on wastewater quality for fresh and brackish water fish culture.

Parameter

Quality requirements (concentration)

Freshwater

Brackish water

For Fish Productivity

1. Alkalinity (CaCO3) (mg/L)	20-300	> 80
2. Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) (mg/L)	< 0.06	< 0.01
3. Bacterial Count
a. Vibrio sp. (cfu/mL)	Not applicable	< 13 x 103
b. Luminous Bacteria (cfu/mL)	Not applicable	< 2.0 x 102
4. BOD5 (mg/L)	< 9	< 9
5. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) (mg/L)	< 7	< 15
6. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)	> 5	> 5
7. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) (mg/L)	< 0.003	< 0.02
8. Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N) (mg/L)	< 0.067	< 0.4
9. pH	6.5-9.0	7.5-8.5
10. Phosphate (PO43) (mg/L)	< 0.025	0.2-0.4
11. Salinity (ppt)	> 5	25-30
12. Temperature (ºC)	25-32	25-32
13. TSS (mg/L)	< 1000	< 1000

For Human Health

1. Coliform bacteria (MPN/100mL)

< 5,000

< 1,000

 

SECTION 10. Quantity of Wastewater for Re-use. —

A. Irrigation

Application rates of wastewater for irrigation shall be based on:

A.1 Hydraulic loading rate

Irrigation needs shall be used in setting hydraulic loading rates. As such, wastewater shall only be applied if soil moisture conditions will not allow runoff or ponding in the ground surface. Intake rate of different soils is outlined in Annex 3. Irrigation application shall only be carried out under dry weather conditions to satisfy the crop soil moisture deficit.

Soil samples from the proposed irrigation area shall be collected for chemical characterization. Soil properties such as soil structure, texture, chemistry, and hydraulic characteristics shall be compatible with the wastewater land application system. Hence, the following points shall be considered in the design and selection of potential site:

1. The most suitable soils are moderately permeable and deep with good water holding capacity.

2. Avoid sandy and gravelly soils (i.e., highly permeable) and heavy clay soils of extremely low permeability.

3. Slightly acid soils (pH 5.5) are generally the most suitable as these could balance the slight alkalinity of wastewater; avoid soils that are too acidic (pH < 4) or too alkaline (pH > 8.5) that could restrict plant growth.

4. Soil depths of > 1.0 m are preferred for the efficient utilization of applied wastewater. Lesser depths can be considered for shallow rooted crops such as pasture grasses.

B. Fertilization

The quantity of liquid fertilizer to be used/applied shall depend on the crop's requirements. Soil analysis should be conducted to determine the quantity of nutrients to be supplied to the soil to meet crop's nutrient requirements.

C. Aquaculture

Wastewater for culture of fish shall maintain a level of at least one meter depending on the type of species being cultured. During abnormal/adverse water condition (e.g., occurrence of disease, very turbid water, abnormal water coloration, etc.), at least 1/3 of the pond water shall be replaced.

SECTION 11. Distribution Methodology and Design. —

A. Irrigation

A.1 Delivery and Conveyance Method

Delivery of wastewater from the source to the users' farm could either be through a pipeline or tanker trucks and shall follow the requirements below:

1. When using pipelines in conveying wastewater from the source to the point of use, the following conditions shall be satisfied:

a. The pipes should be properly marked (i.e., can be easily viewed and recognizable) within its length of its owners' name and the kind of water (wastewater) it is delivering.

b. The wastewater generator shall always ensure that there are no leaks in between both ends and should be free from tampering of mischievous elements.

c. Schedules of delivery shall be in strict adherence to the irrigation plan submitted in the application for use. Should there be a need to deviate from schedule for valid reasons; the wastewater generator shall inform the responsible government entity in writing or through e-mail at least a day before the delivery.

d. The pipes shall in no way store/keep wastewater after the volume approved for the schedule was delivered.

2. When using tanker trucks or to deliver wastewater from the source to the users' farm/pond as agreed upon by both parties, the said tanker truck shall:

a. Carry complete documentation of its cargo which include among others:

i. Valid copy of the Certification

ii. Source (from where and from whom) and destination (to where and for whom)

iii. Volume and purpose of wastewater cargo (for irrigation, fertilization, or fish culture)

iv. LTO registration

b. Be properly labeled (the kind of cargo and the generator's name are easily recognizable and viewed)

c. Free from leaks and should ensure there will be no spill at any time and place between the generator's place to the users' pond or field.

d. In case where the wastewater is to be directly applied from the trucks to the field, the trucks should be equipped with booms or hose to distribute wastewater to the field. Persons applying the water should wear safety garments with nametags and the generator's name easily recognizable.

e. Schedules of application should be in strict adherence to the approved irrigation plan. Should there be a need to deviate from schedule for valid reasons, the wastewater generator shall inform the responsible government entity in writing or through e-mail at least a day before the application.

A.2 Selection of Irrigation Methods

Under normal conditions the type of irrigation method selected will depend on water supply conditions, climate, soil, crops to be grown, cost of irrigation method and the ability of the farmer to manage the system. However, when using wastewater as the source of irrigation, other factors such as contamination of plants and harvested product, farm workers and the environment, and salinity and toxicity hazards need to be considered. The choice of irrigation method in using wastewater shall be governed by the following technical factors:

1. Choice of crops,

2. Wetting of foliage, fruits and aerial parts,

3. Distribution of water, salts and contaminants in the soil,

4. Ease with which high soil water potential could be maintained

5. Efficiency of application, and

6. Potential to expose farm workers and the environment to contamination or pollutants. Set back distances shall be established based in Table 5.

 

Table 5. Required type of irrigation and setback distances.

Landscape Irrigation

Crop Irrigation

	Restricted Area	Access Area	Foods eaten raw and not commercially processed	Food crops commercially processed	Non-food crops
Type of irrigation system	Sprinkler and drip	Sprinkler and drip	Furrow and drip	Furrow and sprinkler	Furrow and sprinkler
Set back distances	90m away from potable water supply wells   30m away from area accessible to the public if sprinkler or spray irrigation	25m away from potable water supply wells	25 m away from potable water supply wells	90 m away from potable water supply wells   30m away from area accessible to the public if sprinkler or spray irrigation	90m away from potable water supply wells   30m away from area accessible to the public if sprinkler or spray irrigation

Source: USEPA (2012).

 

A.3 Precautionary Measures when Re-Using Wastewater for Irrigation

The following precautions shall be required to protect the health of workers and others that may be affected:

1. Direct contact of irrigation water with people shall be avoided.

2. One of the important considerations in sprinkler system is spray drift. Sprinklers that produce coarser droplets shall be used instead of fine mist for spray to minimize the risk of aerosol dispersion by wind drift.

3. In case wastewater is be conveyed through pipe network, appropriate measures shall be made such that wastewater pipe will be not be mistaken for a potable water supply pipe.

a. Appropriate pipeline identification shall be made, which shall be reflected in a written plan for the maintenance of the whole system.

b. Operation and maintenance personnel shall be properly informed to avoid cross/improper connection.

c. Potable and wastewater lines shall not cross-connect.

d. All pipes for wastewater shall be clearly identifiable and each outlet shall be color coded and marked that the water is not for drinking.

e. For both above and below ground installation, wastewater pipeline shall be installed far enough from a parallel potable water pipeline.

4. Storage facilities shall be carefully designed to prevent seepage (e.g., lining with compacted clay, polyethylene sheets) and to maintain adequate freeboard. Analyses of monthly precipitation and evaporation shall be done to determine the time of cessation of wastewater irrigation and storage requirements.

Wastewater containing nutrients when stored for a long period may result to algal bloom. Once this situation is observed, irrigation with wastewater shall be stopped immediately.

A.4 Design of Irrigation System

Design of the irrigation system shall be undertaken by a competent registered Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer. The following factors shall be considered in designing sprinkler and drip irrigation system:

1. Application rate. Water shall not be applied at a rate faster than the soil can absorb it, but fast enough to prevent excessive evaporation losses.

2. Depth of application. The amount of water applied shall not exceed the field capacity of the soil within the root zone of the crop. Field capacity refers to the percentage of water remaining in a soil, two or three days after having been saturated and after free drainage has practically ceased.

3. System capacity. There shall be enough equipment, and of sufficient size, to replenish the soil moisture at a rate that shall not exceed the peak rate of water use of the crop.

4. Uniformity of application. The point of lightest application usually shall have a depth of application of at least 80% of the average depth applied over the field.

5. Water losses. These are results of wind drift and evaporation and shall not exceed 15%.

B. Fertilization

In general, the following protocol for application of wastewater for fertilization shall be observed:

B.1 Application

1. Avoid application of liquid by-product fertilizer when wind direction is gusting towards urban residential areas, in order to avoid potential odor issues, toxic contamination, etc.

2. Avoid application to fields near residential areas early in the morning or late in the evening where noise and dust may pose a nuisance to nearby residents.

3. Match application rates to crop needs through soil and leaf testing analysis.

4. Apply to dry or moist soil to minimize potential losses occurring through unexpected heavy rainfall.

B.2 Storage for Liquid By-Product Fertilizer

1. Tank materials should be non-corrosive, non-porous, well maintained and have lockable inspection hatches,

2. Located on level land, free of potential flooding and more than 40m away from waterways, bunded to contain 110% of maximum storage capacity,

3. Easily accessed by contract delivery tankers away from overhead power lines,

4. Emergency procedures for spillage from tanks should be posted in conspicuous places, along with product material safety data sheets (MSDS), and

5. Sandbags, sawdust, rice hulls, or any inert adsorbents should be located 2-3 meters from the storage facility for clean-up operations in the event of tank spillage or rupture.

B.3 On-Farm Record Keeping

A system of record keeping should be implemented to record information on nutrient inputs, changes in soil fertility, weather records, crop details, soil and leaf test results, and crop productivity.

B.4 Environmental Protection

1. Do not exceed recommended fertilizer application rates,

2. Ensure that the contractor delivering the fertilizer has calibrated application equipment and applies the product as recommended,

3. Do not apply liquid fertilizer when heavy rainfall is expected,

4. Apply liquid fertilizer to dry or moist soils in order to minimize any potential losses that may occur during unexpected rainfall events,

5. Manage irrigation to minimize runoff,

6. Ensure that liquid fertilizer products stored for short durations on farm are in secure locations,

7. Ensure that any unused fertilizer or wastes resulting from clean-up of a fertilizer spill are disposed of in a suitable manner and location,

8. Implement measures to reduce the potential for odor or noise nuisance caused when applying liquid fertilizers near residential areas.

9. If near surface water bodies such as creeks, rivers, lakes, irrigation canals, etc., maintain and enhance buffer areas in order to intercept nutrients and enhance dissolved oxygen levels in water ways through lower water temperatures, and

10. Establish and maintain vegetated headlands and filter strips in order to slow down and trap particulates.

B.5 Safety Considerations

It is recommended that gloves and safety glasses are worn when handling liquid fertilizer to avoid contact with the skin. However, in the event of spilling or splashing liquid fertilizer onto the skin, it is important to wash off the affected area thoroughly with water. It is mandatory for all people to wear closed in shoes, long trousers, along sleeve shirt, high visibility vest (provided) and safety glasses while on the site.

Smoking is not permitted anytime on site.

In addition, applicators of liquid fertilizer shall follow the direction of use in the label for crops that were used in the registration. The direction of use shall be based on the result from the bio-efficacy tests as required in the registration procedure.

C. Aquaculture

To attain an environmentally-sound aquaculture operation, distribution methodology and design shall follow good aquaculture practices pursuant to Fisheries AO 214, Series of 2001, otherwise known as the Code of Practice for Aquaculture:

C.1 Site selection/evaluation

Potential sites for aquaculture shall be thoroughly evaluated by BFAR in consultation with the DENR, Local Government Unit (LGU), and the National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (NFARMC) to ensure that the ecological and social conditions are sustained and protected. The following practices shall ensure that sites selected are appropriate for aquaculture farms:

1. Water source in the area shall be evaluated as to its quality and quantity

2. Tidal patterns, freshwater influences and flood levels, offshore currents and existing water uses shall be determined

3. Alternatives to mitigate potential negative environmental and social impacts shall be considered

C.2 Farm design and construction

Proven and accepted designs and construction procedures shall be adopted to overcome problems related to flood levels, storms, erosion, seepage, water intake and delivery points and encroachment on mangroves and wetlands as well as social impacts.

1. Farm shall be properly designed. Arrangement of the pond compartments, water control structures and all other facilities are mutually harmonized with each other giving the most efficient water management and manipulation of stocks.

2. An ideal farm shall have wastewater treatment and settling pond areas, which are necessary for conditioning intake water as well as settling wastewater before discharging to the environment.

C.3 Water usage

A good environment within the pond system shall be influenced by the following practices on water usage as well as the pond water quality management:

1. Closed recirculating water system shall be considered in the intensive and semi-intensive farming systems;

2. Water exchange shall be minimized by maintaining good water quality through moderate stocking densities and feeding rates, using high quality feeds and good feeding practices.

C.4 Water delivery and sludge/effluent management

Awareness of proper waste management in the aquaculture industry shall be increased to enhance the protection of coastal land and water resources through the following practices:

1. Effluents, sediments and other wastes shall be properly disposed of through the use of wastewater treatment and settling ponds;

2. Delivered water shall meet the BFAR water quality standards (determined qualitatively and quantitatively). Qualitative standards shall include prohibition of the release of turbid and odorous water to the receiving water while quantitative standards shall include the maximum and/or minimum levels of suspended solids, measure of acidity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds, phosphorous, BOD, etc.

C.5 Use of drugs, chemicals, potentially toxic pesticides and fertilizers

The following shall be practiced to foster awareness on the proper use of therapeutic agents and other chemicals without endangering food safety or threatening the environment:

1. Drugs, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers including lime shall be used only when clearly justified to treat specific problems;

2. If chemicals are used, pond water shall not be discharged until they have degraded/dissipated or until the compound have naturally decomposed to non-toxic form;

3. Records shall be maintained regarding the use of chemicals in ponds as suggested by the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) method;

4. Banned chemicals shall not be used for any purpose;

5. Drugs, antibiotics and other chemical treatments shall be in accordance with recommended practices and comply with national and international regulations; and

6. Aquaculture producers shall follow the information on product labels regarding dosage, withdrawal period, proper use, storage, disposal and other uses of the chemicals to safeguard environmental and human safety.

PART IV

Monitoring and Reporting

SECTION 12. Agri/Aqua Self-Monitoring Report. —

The grantee shall submit an Agri/Aqua Self-Monitoring Report (ASMR) to the concerned certifying agencies using the prescribed forms (Annex 5) every six (6) months to be signed by the Pollution Control Officer (PCO) of the wastewater generator. The submitted ASMR may be validated by the concerned certifying agency as it deems necessary.

The monitoring and reporting on plant's pest and diseases as well as on the aquaculture shall be conducted by the grantee. The agency concerned shall provide technical assistance on how to conduct the field monitoring.

Monitoring for crops would deal on the incidence of pests and diseases that is possibly due by the application of wastewater. Monitoring of pests (e.g., insects, fungi, vertebrates and diseases, their types and population in the area) will be one component of the cultural management activities which will be required from the grantee.

Monitoring shall be weekly except for outbreaks wherein monitoring will be done on a daily basis. Reporting shall be done monthly (except for outbreaks where the concerned agency will be informed immediately) and reports submitted to the Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI). Report shall include a narrative on the actions taken to manage/control the pest if any and an accomplished Pest Monitoring Form attached as Annex 6.

Monitoring of different water quality parameters in the culture pond shall be done during aquaculture operation for at least twice in every culture operation to determine its suitability for fish culture. Monitoring forms are attached as Annex 7.

SECTION 13. Impact Assessment. —

An impact assessment shall be conducted by the DA concerned agencies every five years or as the need arises (e.g., in case of water/soil contamination) on groundwater, surface water, and soils.

A. Groundwater

Monitoring of groundwater is required if the depth of the static water level is within 10 meters below the ground surface and existing field conditions indicate that the groundwater quality is at risk from the effluent irrigation scheme.

The minimum requirement for monitoring of well for groundwater quality shall be as follows:

1. One well upstream of the field of application or outside the affected area of the land application site for baseline or background monitoring

2. One well downstream of the field of application

3. All monitoring wells must extend to sufficient depth to sample seasonal fluctuations of the water table

4. Monitoring wells shall be provided with a casing and properly designed screens

Establishment of monitoring wells shall be the responsibility of the grantee. Monitoring of the groundwater under the Certification may require measurement of the different critical parameters as applicable to the type of wastewater source.

Gathering of data shall be taken from monitoring wells at least once a year during dry season. However, for groundwater level, pH, and EC, monitoring shall be done every three months. If the groundwater depth is shallow (less than six meters from the ground) or where the soils are highly permeable, monthly monitoring may be required.

B. Surface Water

Monitoring shall be conducted by the grantee following EMB-DENR's Water Quality Monitoring Manual for sampling, handling and preservation of water samples. It shall be done in accordance with Section 6.3 of DENR AO 2016-08.

C. Soil

Soil monitoring in the application site shall be conducted annually. Composite samples shall be analyzed for the different parameters identified by the concerned agencies.

Table 6 summarizes the frequency of impact monitoring on groundwater, surface water, soil, crops, and aquaculture.

 

 

Table 6. Monitoring frequency on the impacts of wastewater on groundwater, surface water, soils, crops, and aquaculture.

Environment	Monitoring Frequency
Groundwater	Annually (for other parameters)
Quarterly (for groundwater level, pH, EC only)
Monthly (if water table is < 6 m below ground surface)
Surface water	In accordance with Section 6.3 of DENR AO 2016-08
Soils	Annually
Crops	Weekly (incidence of pests and diseases)
Daily (in case of outbreaks)
Aquaculture	Twice in every culture operation

 

PART VI

Miscellaneous Provisions

SECTION 16. n Research, Development, and Training. —

The BFAR, FPA, NIA, and BSWM are mandated to identify and conduct their research, development, and training needs for the effective implementation of this Order. These agencies are instructed to include these needs in their proposed regular annual budgets. Likewise, the said agencies are encouraged to source out from research, development, and training institutions.

SECTION 17. Creation of DA Oversight Committee. —

An oversight committee within the DA shall be created to oversee the smooth implementation and enforcement of this Order. The committee shall be headed by DA Undersecretary for Field Operations Service (FOS) with Directors of BSWM, NIA, FPA, BFAR, BPI, NMIS, BAI, and other concerned agencies as members. This oversight committee must be supported by the National Technical Working Group.

SECTION 18. Reconstitution of the National Technical Working Group. —

A National Technical Working Group (NTWG) composed of members from different national government agencies and concerned stakeholders shall be reconstituted and convened, as needed, for the purpose of monitoring the implementation of this Order and providing recommendation for the updating of this Guidelines. Secretariat support to the NTWG shall be provided by the agency of the Chairperson. The NTWG shall report to the Secretary of DA. The NTWG members are listed in Table 7.

 

Table 7. Members of the NTWG for the updating of the Guidelines on Safe Re-Use of Wastewater for Irrigation and Other Agricultural Uses.

POSITION	AGENCY
Chairperson	DA-BSWM
Co-Chairperson	DA-FOS
Member	DA-BSWM
Member	DA-BAFS
Member	DA-BFAR
Member	DA-PRS
Member	DA-BAI
Member	DA-BPI
Member	DA-NMIS
Member	NIA
Member	FPA
Member	DENR-EMB
Member	DOST-ITDI
Member	DOH
Member	DILG-BLGS
Member	SUC
Member	Industry Associations
Member	SRA
Secretariat	DA-BSWM

 

SECTION 19. Separability. —

The provisions of this Order are hereby declared to be separable. In the event that one or more of its provisions are held to be invalid, the validity of the other provisions shall not be affected thereby.

SECTION 20. Repealing Clause. —

The DA AO No. 26, Series of 2007 is hereby repealed. All other orders, rules and regulations, and administrative issuances or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Order are hereby amended, modified, or repealed accordingly.

SECTION 21. Effectivity. —

This Order shall take effect 15 days after its publication in a newspaper of general circulation and upon acknowledgement of receipt of a copy hereof by the Office of the National Administrative Register.

(SGD.) WILLIAM D. DAR, Ph.D.Acting Secretary

ANNEX 1

Process Flow for the Issuance of Certification on Safe Re-Use of Wastewater

ANNEX 2

Application Form for Certification for Wastewater Re-Use

ANNEX 3

General Guidelines and Reference on the Movement of Re-Used Wastewater Relative to Soil Types

 

Soil Types/	Intake Rate,1	Classification 1	Hydraulic Conductivity2, cm h-1	Classification2	Remarks
Clay	0.01-0.8	Very Slow-Slow	<0.125-0.5	Very Slow-Slow	Very high buffering potential, High ponding potential
Silty Clay	0.8-2.0	Moderately Slow	0.5-2.0	Moderately slow	Moderate buffering potential, Moderate ponding potential
Clay Loam	2.0-6.0	Moderate	2.0-6.25	Moderate	Moderate buffering potential, Moderate ponding potential
Loam	6.0-12.0	Moderately Rapid	6.25-12.5	Moderately Rapid	Moderate buffering potential,
Sandy Loam	12.5-25.0	Rapid	12.5-25.0	Rapid	Low buffering potential, very low ponding potential
Sand	> 25.0	Very Rapid	> 25.0	Very Rapid	No buffering and ponding potential

1 Based from Israelsen & Hansen (1962)

2 Based from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAQ) of the United Nations (2006)

 

ANNEX 4

Baseline Data Form for Environmental Impact Monitoring

ANNEX 5

Agri/Aqua Self-Monitoring Form

ANNEX 6

Form 1. IPM Impact Monitoring

ANNEX 7

Environmental Impact Monitoring for Pond Culture

ANNEX 8

List of Abbreviations

ACR — Agri/Aqua Compliance Report

AO — Administrative Order

AOAC — Association of Official Analytical Chemists

APHA — American Public Health Association

AWWA — American Water Works Association

BAFS — Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards

BFAR — Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

BAI — Bureau of Animal Industry

BLGS — Bureau of Local Government Supervision

BOD — Biochemical Oxygen Demand

BPI — Bureau of Plant Industry

BSWM — Bureau of Soils and Water Management

DA — Department of Agriculture

DA-RFO — Department of Agriculture-Regional Field Office

DENR — Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DILG — Department of the Interior and Local Government

DOH — Department of Health

DOST-ITDI — Department of Science and Technology-Industrial Technology Development Institute

EC — Electrical Conductivity

EMB — Environmental Management Bureau

FAO — Food and Agriculture Organization

FOS — Field Operations Service

FPA — Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority

HACCP — Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

IPM — Integrated Pest Management

IRR — Implementing Rules and Regulations

ISO — International Organization for Standardization

LGU — Local Government Unit

LTO — Land Transportation Office

MSDS — Material Safety Data Sheets

NFARMC — National Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council

NIA — National Irrigation Administration

NMIS — National Meat Inspection Service

NTWG — National Technical Working Group

PCO — Pollution Control Officer

PRS — Policy Research Service

RC — Registration Certificate

SAR — Sodium Adsorption Ratio

SRA — Sugar Regulatory Administration

STP — Sewage/Septage Treatment Plant

SUC — State Universities and Colleges

TN — Total Nitrogen

TP — Total Phosphorus

TSS — Total Suspended Solids

USEPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency

WEF — Water Environment Federation

ANNEX 9

References

Department of Agriculture (DA) Fisheries Administrative Order No. 2001-214: Code of Practice for Aquaculture, (2001).

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order No. 2005-10: Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275), (2005).

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Administrative Order No. 2016-08: Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016, (2016).

Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Memorandum Circular No. 2016-12: EMB Approved Methods of Analysis for Water and Wastewater, (2016).

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2006). Soil Permeability. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/fi/cdrom/fao_training/fao_training/general/x6706e/x6706e09.htm#89a

International Organization for Standardization, (2017). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2017).

Israelsen, O. W., & Hansen, V. E. (1962). Irrigation principles and practices (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Latimer, G. W., Jr. (2016). Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (20th ed.): AOAC International.

Mortimore, S., & Wallace, C. (2013). HACCP: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Springer.

Republic Act (RA) 9275, (2004). Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004.

Republic Act (RA) 11032, (2018). Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018.

Rice, E. W., Baird, R. B., & Eaton, A. D. (2017). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (23rd ed.): American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2012) Guidelines for Water Reuse.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2015) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, EPA publication SW-846. Final Updates I (1993), II (1995), IIA (1994), IIB (1995), III (1997), IIIA (1999), IIIB (2005), IV (2008), and V (2015). (Third ed.).

National Technical Working Group for the Formulation of the Revised Guidelines for the Reuse of Wastewater for Irrigation and Other Agricultural Uses

 

Chair:	Engr. Teresita S. Sandoval	BSWM
Co-Chair:	Engr. Samuel M. Contreras	BSWM
Members:
	DA Agencies
	Dr. Gina P. Nilo	BSWM
	Ms. Karen S. Bautista	BSWM
	Dr. Gavino Isagani P. Urriza	BSWM
	Engr. Patrick Benson B. Espanto	BSWM
	Mr. James O. Villanueva	BSWM
	Ms. Jessica M. Macanas	BFAR
	Engr. Paul Victor B. Rotor, Jr.	BPI
	Engr. Romil G. Naret	BPI
	Ms. Amparo C. Ampil	PRS
	Engr. Ardibel S. Villanueva	PRS
	Ms. Suzettie M. Alcalde	FPA
	Mr. Gabriel B. Atole	FPA
	Engr. Juana T. Tapel	NMIS
	Engr. Marivic G. Cruzada	NMIS
	Ms. Emely E. Victorio	BAI
	Engr. Reymer G. Martinez	BAI
	Mr. Mark F. Matubang	BAFS
	Mr. Gerald E. Cammagay	BAFS
	Non-DA Agencies
	Engr. Marcelino N. Rivera, Jr.	DENR-EMB
	Ms. Leza A. Acorda-Cuevas	DENR-EMB
	Engr. Reynaldo L. Esguerra	DOST-ITDI
	Engr. Rodelma D. Perez	DOST-ITDI
	Engr. Mariano R. Catan Jr.	NIA
	Engr. Ernesto L. Mapoy, Jr.	NIA
	Dr. Veronica P. Migo	UPLB
	Engr. Edna P. Tatel	RHI
	Mr. Oscar L. Cortes	PSMA
	Ms. Queenie R. Rojo	EPAP
	Ms. Blesilda S. Gregorio	SRA
	Mr. Zyrus Oliver Montiel	SRA
Secretariat:
Head:	Engr. Phoebe P. Pua	BSWM
Member:	Engr. Joselle Luna	BSWM
	Engr. Girlie P. Turaja	BSWM
	Ms. Maureen Malabanan	BSWM
	Engr. Erwin B. Reños	BSWM
	Engr. Bryan Benedict T. Buenaflor	BSWM

 

Acknowledgement

The Department of Agriculture acknowledges the Ethanol Producers Association of the Philippines (EPAP) for providing funding support through the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) for the revision of the Guidelines on the Re-use of Wastewater for Irrigation and Other Agricultural Uses. We would like to thank the Planning, Policy and Special Projects Department of SRA, headed by Engr. Rosemarie S. Gumera, for facilitating the conduct of the nationwide consultation workshops.

Published in the Official Gazette, Vol. 116, No. 16, Page 3435 on April 20, 2020.

 

n Note from the Publisher: Copied verbatim from the official copy Irregular numerical sequence.