ADVERTISEMENT
THIRD DIVISION
[G.R. No. 121075. July 24, 1997.]
DELTA MOTORS CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. COURT OF APPEALS, HON. ROBERTO M. LAGMAN and STATE INVESTMENT HOUSE, INC.,respondents.
Marcelo P. Villanueva for petitioner
Roco, Bunag, Kapunan & Migallos for private respondent.
SYNOPSIS
In an action for a sum of money against Delta Motors (Civil Case No. 84-23019) filed by private respondent State Investment House, Inc. (SIHI), Delta was ordered to pay SIHI P20,061,898.97. The decision could not be served on Delta because it was dissolved earlier. In the meantime, Delta had been taken over by the Philippine National Bank. SIHI moved for service of the decision by way of publication. On March 11, 1987, a writ of execution was issued and pursuant thereto certain properties of Delta were levied upon and sold.
Delta filed a special civil action for certiorari with the Court of Appeals, CA-G.R. SP No. 23068, insisting that the trial court's decision was void since there was no proper service of summons, and that being void, the decision never became final and executory. The Court of Appeals ruled that the trial court's decision did not become final and executory because no copy of the assailed judgment had been properly served on PNB which assumed Delta's operation. In a motion for reconsideration, Delta insisted that there was no valid service of summons and the decision of the trial court was not in accordance with the Rules, hence, void.
Delta filed a Notice of Appeal with the RTC in Civil Case No. 84-23019 and prayed that the records of the case be elevated to the Court of Appeals. The trial court dismissed the Notice of Appeal, and denied Delta's motion for reconsideration of the dismissal.
Delta filed with the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari, docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, where it prayed for the annulment of the trial court's order dismissing the Notice of Appeal, and for the elevation of the original records of Civil Case No. 84-23019 to the Court of Appeals.
The Court of Appeals issued in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 a restraining order enjoining respondents from enforcing the decision, subject of the petition, and ordered the elevation of the records of the case to it on appeal. Delta filed in the Court of Appeals an Omnibus Motion praying that the March 11, 1987 writ of execution be nullified and set aside. In its resolution of January 5, 1995, the Court of Appeals denied Delta's Omnibus Motion, holding that the matters prayed for in the Omnibus Motion are matters which were not raised as issued by petitioner and therefore not within the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals to decide.
Delta then filed the instant petition, insisting that the matters raised in the Omnibus Motion were included in the appellate Jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals; hence, it had jurisdiction to rule on the Omnibus Motion.
The Court of Appeals committed no reversible error in denying Delta's Omnibus Motion. The decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-GR SP No. 29147 had long become final insofar as DELTA was concerned. As a matter of fact, at the time Delta filed the petition in CA-GR SP NO. 29147, the orders sought to be declared null and void in the Omnibus Motion had already been issued they having been so issued at the commencement of CA-G.R. SP No. 23068. Moreover, the Court of Appeals correctly denied petitioner's Omnibus Motion in keeping with jurisprudence concerning Section 7 of Rule 51 of the Rules of Court on the Procedure in the Court of Appeals. Clearly then, the Court of Appeals could only consider errors raised by petitioner in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, which were limited to the trial court's orders of 3 June 1992 and 14 September 1992. These were the only errors Delta argued extensively in its brief. To allow Delta's Omnibus Motion which it filed more than eight months from promulgation of the decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, long after finality of said case, would result in abandonment of sound Judicial process.
Petition is dismissed.
SYLLABUS
1. REMEDIAL LAW; ACTIONS; JUDGMENT; FINAL DECISIONS, NOT SUBJECT TO REVIEW. — The decision of the Court of Appeals of 17 June 1993 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 had long become final insofar as DELTA was concerned, and it very well knew that the only issues raised therein concerned the trial court's orders of 3 June 1992 and 14 September 1992. As a matter of fact, at the time Delta filed the petition in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, the orders sought to be declared null and void in the Omnibus Motion had already been issued, they having been so issued at the commencement of CA-G.R. SP No. 23068. In short, if DELTA intended such orders to be challenged in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, it could have explicitly alleged them as sources of additional causes of action and prayed for the corresponding affirmative relief therefrom, and if this course of action initially proved unavailing then DELTA could and should have moved for reconsideration on that aspect. After the finality of the decision in said case, any attempt to introduce or revive the issue had become procedurally impermissible. Plainly, the issues raised in the Omnibus Motion could have been allowed during the pendency of said case by way of amendments to the petition.
2. ID.; COURT OF APPEALS; ISSUES SOUGHT TO BE REVIEWED MUST BE STATED IN THE ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR; ERRORS NOT ASSIGNED, NOT SUBJECT TO REVIEW. — The Court of Appeals correctly denied petitioner's Omnibus Motion in keeping with jurisprudence concerning Section 7 of Rule 51 of the Rules of Court on the Procedure in the Court of Appeals, which mandates that: Sec. 7. Questions that may be decided. — No error which does not affect the jurisdiction over the subject matter will be considered unless stated in the assignment of errors and properly argued in the brief, save as the court, at its option, may notice plain errors not specified, and also clerical errors. Clearly then, the Court of Appeals could only consider errors raised by petitioner in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, which were limited to the trial court's orders of 3 June 1992 and 14 September 1992. These were the only errors Delta argued extensively in its brief. To allow DELTA's Omnibus Motion which it filed more than eight months from promulgation of the decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, or long after finality of said case, would result in abandonment of sound judicial process.
3. ID.; ACTIONS; JUDGMENT; OBITER DICTUM, DEFINED. — An obiter dictum has been defined as an opinion expressed by a court upon some question of law which is not necessary to the decision of the case before it. It is a remark made, or opinion expressed, by a judge, in his decision upon a cause, "by the way," that is, incidentally or collaterally, and not directly Upon the question before him, or upon a point not necessarily involved in the determination of the caused, or introduced by way of illustration, or analogy or argument. Such are not binding as precedent.
4. ID.; ID.; ID.; OBITER DICTUM; MAY BE DELETED FROM THE DECISION. — The Court of Appeals likewise did not commit reversible error in deleting the phrase SIHI protested as obiter dictum. The assailed phrase was indeed obiter dictum as it touched upon a matter not raised by petitioner expressly in its petition assailing the dismissal of its notice of appeal. It was not a prerequisite in disposing of the aforementioned issue. The body of the resolution did not contain any discussion on such matter nor mention any principle of law to support such statement.
D E C I S I O N
DAVIDE, JR., J p:
This is a Petition for Certiorari 1 under Rule 65 of the Revised Rules of Court seeking the reversal of the Resolutions of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 dated 5 January 1995 2 and 14 July 1995. 3 The former denied the Omnibus Motion filed by petitioner Delta Motors Corporation (hereinafter DELTA), while the latter amended the earlier Resolution.
The pleadings and annexes in the record of CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 disclose the following materials operative facts:
Private respondent State Investment House, Inc. (hereinafter, SIHI) brought an action for a sum of money against DELTA in the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila, Branch VI. The case was docketed as Civil Case No. 84-23019. DELTA was declared in default, and on 5 December 1984, the RTC, per Judge Ernesto Tengco, rendered a decision 4 the dispositive portion of which reads as follows:
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing considerations, judgment is hereby rendered ordering the defendant to pay unto plaintiff the amount of P20,061,898.97 as its total outstanding obligation and to pay 25% of the total obligation as and for attorney's fees, plus cost of suit.
The decision could not be served on DELTA, either personally or by registered mail, due to its earlier dissolution. However, Delta had been taken over by the Philippine National Bank (PNB) in the meantime. This notwithstanding, SIHI moved, on 4 November 1986, for service of the decision by way of publication, which the trial court allowed in its order of 6 December 1986. The decision was published in the Thunderer, a weekly newspaper published in Manila. After publication, SIHI moved for execution of the judgment, which the trial court granted in its order of 11 March 1987 on the ground that no appeal had been taken by DELTA despite publication of the decision. The writ of execution was issued and pursuant thereto certain properties of DELTA in Iloilo and Bacolod City were levied upon and sold. The sheriff likewise levied on some other properties of DELTA.
DELTA then commenced a special civil action for certiorari with the Court of Appeals, which was docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 23068, wherein DELTA insisted that: (a) the trial court did not acquire jurisdiction over the person of the defendant (DELTA) since there was no valid/proper service of summons, thus rendering the decision null and void; and (b) the void decision never became final and executory.
In its decision of 22 January 1991 5 the Court of Appeals ruled against DELTA on the first ground, but found that the record before it "is bereft of any showing that a copy of the assailed judgment had been properly served on P.N.B. which assumed DELTA's operation upon the latter's dissolution." Accordingly the Court of Appeals ruled that:
[T]he [decision] did not become executory (Vda. de Espiritu v. CFI, L-30486, Oct. 31, 1972; Tuazon v. Molina, L-55697, Feb. 26, 1981).
It further opined that service by publication did not cure the fatal defect and thus decreed as follows:
WHEREFORE, while the assailed decision was validly rendered by respondent court, nonetheless it has not attained finality pending service of copy thereof on petitioner DELTA, which may appeal therefore within the reglementary period. 6
In a motion for reconsideration, DELTA insisted that there was no valid service of summons and the decision of the RTC was not in accordance with the Rules, hence, void. 7 SIHI also filed a motion for reconsideration claiming that DELTA was not dissolved, and even if it were, its corporate personality to receive service of processes subsisted; moreover, its right to appeal had been lost. 8 These motions were denied by the Court of Appeals in its resolution of 27 May 1991. 9 Unsatisfied, DELTA filed with this Court a petition for review on certiorari (G.R. No. 100366) which was denied in the resolution of 16 September 1991 for non-compliance with Circular No. 1-88. A motion for reconsideration was denied in the resolution of 9 October 1991, a copy of which was received by DELTA on 31 October 1991. 10
On 12 November 1991, DELTA filed a Notice of Appeal 11 with the RTC in Civil Case No. 84-23019, indicating therein that it was appealing from the 5 December 1984 decision, and prayed as follows:
WHEREFORE, it is most respectfully prayed of this Honorable Court that this Notice of Appeal be noted and the records of this case be elevated to the Court of Appeals.
SIHI filed on 2 December 1991 a motion to dismiss DELTA's appeal 12 on the ground that it was filed out of time, since DELTA obtained a certified true copy of the decision from the RTC on 21 September 1990, hence it had only fifteen days therefrom within which to appeal from the decision. Despite DELTA's opposition, 13 the trial court dismissed the Notice of Appeal. 14 DELTA moved to reconsider, 15 which SIHI opposed. 16 In its order 17 of 14 September 1992 the trial court denied Delta's motion.
DELTA then filed with the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari under Rule 65 of the Rules of Court. The case was docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 29147. 18 In its petition, Delta prayed for the: (a) annulment of the order of the trial court dated 3 June 1992 dismissing the Notice of Appeal dated 6 November 1991; (b) annulment of the order of the trial court dated 14 September 1992 denying the motion for reconsideration of the former; and (c) elevation of the original records of Civil Case No. 84-23019 to the Court of Appeals.
On 30 October 1992 the Court of Appeals issued in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 a restraining order enjoining respondents and any and all other persons acting on their behalf "from enforcing or directing the enforcement of the Decision, subject of the petition." 19 Thereafter, in its resolution promulgated on 22 December 1992, 20 the Court of Appeals gave due course to the petition in said case, considered the comments of private respondents therein as its answer and required the parties to submit their respective memoranda.
On 17 June 1993 the Court of Appeals promulgated its decision 21 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, the dispositive portion providing:
WHEREFORE, the questioned order of the respondent court dated June 3, 1992, dismissing the notice of appeal dated November 6, 1991; and the order dated September 14, 1992 of the same court denying the motion for reconsideration filed by the petitioner, through counsel, are hereby SET ASIDE; and respondent court hereby ordered to ELEVATE the records of the case to the Court of Appeals, on appeal.
On 18 January 1993, the RTC elevated the record of Civil Case No. 84-23019 to the Court of Appeals.
SIHI appealed to this Court from the decision by way of a petition for review. 22 It contended that DELTA had lost the right to appeal in view of the lapse of more than 15 days from DELTA's receipt of a certified true copy of the RTC decision in Civil Case No. 84-23019. This petition for review was docketed as G.R. No. 110677. 23
While SIHI's petition in G.R. No. 110677 was pending before this Court, DELTA filed on 14 February 1994, in CA G.R. SP No. 29147 of the Court of Appeals, an Omnibus Motion 24 to:
1) DECLARE AS NULL AND VOID AB INITIO AND WITHOUT ANY FORCE AND EFFECT THE ORDER OF RESPONDENT COURT DATED MARCH 11, 1987 ORDERING THE ISSUANCE OF THE WRIT OF EXECUTION;
2) DECLARE AS NULL AND VOID AB INITIO AND WITHOUT ANY FORCE AND EFFECT THE WRIT OF EXECUTION ISSUED PURSUANT TO THE ORDER DATED MARCH 11, 1987;
3) ALL OTHER PROCEEDINGS HELD, CONDUCTED AND EXECUTED BY RESPONDENT SHERIFF IMPLEMENTING THE AFORESAID WRIT OF EXECUTION.
SIHI opposed the motion 25 on grounds that: a) there was a pending appeal by certiorari with this Court, thus the Court of Appeals was without jurisdiction to entertain the Omnibus Motion; b) the Omnibus Motion was barred by res judicata; and c) the filing of the Omnibus Motion was a clear act of forum-shopping and should then be denied outright.
In its resolution of 7 June 1994, the Court of Appeals merely noted the Omnibus Motion and stated:
It appearing that there is a pending petition for review with the Supreme Court of this Court's Decision dated June 17, 1993, it would be improper for this Court to act on the Omnibus Motion filed by petitioner Delta Motor Corporation . . . 26
On 18 July 1994 this Court's Second Division issued a resolution 27 in G.R. No. 110677 denying the petition therein for failure to sufficiently show that the Court of Appeals committed reversible error in the questioned judgment. SIHI's motion for reconsideration was denied in the resolution of this Court of 21 September 1994. 28
On 26 October 1994 DELTA filed a manifestation and motion 29 to resolve its Omnibus Motion of February 10, 1994.
In its resolution of 5 January 1995, 30 the Court of Appeals denied DELTA's Omnibus Motion, holding:
[T]he matters prayed for in the Omnibus Motion of petitioner Delta Motor Corporation dated February 10, 1994 and abovequoted are matters which were not raised as issues by petitioner in the instant petition and, therefore, not within the jurisdiction and power of this Court in the instant petition to decide. 31
On 27 January 1995 DELTA filed a motion for reconsideration and/or clarification 32 wherein it alleged that: (a) while it was true that the matters prayed for in the Omnibus Motion of petitioner were not raised in the instant petition, they were, nevertheless, included in the general prayer in the petition "for such other reliefs and remedies just and equitable in the premises;" (b) it could not file the Omnibus Motion with the RTC since the records of Civil Case No. 84-23019 had already been elevated to the Court of Appeals and upon the perfection of the appeal, the trial court lost jurisdiction over the case; and (c) the matters raised in the Omnibus Motion were incidental to and included in the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals.
On the other hand, on 2 February 1995, SIHI filed a motion for clarification 33 wherein it asked for the deletion, for being mere obiter dictum, the following paragraph in the Resolution of 5 January 1995, to wit:
While it is true that as a necessary consequence the decision of the Court of Appeals dated January 22, 1991 ruling that the decision in Civil Case No. 84-23019 "has not attained finality pending service of a copy thereof on petitioner Delta, which may appeal therefrom within the reglementary period", all proceedings and/or orders arising from the trial court's decision in Civil Case No. 84-23019 are null and void . . .
SIHI argued that this paragraph was "not necessary to the decision of the case before it" 34 and "cannot be considered binding for the purpose of establishing precedent;" 35 likewise, the Resolution itself did not decide the incident on its merits or consider and dispose of the issues, nor determine the respective rights of the parties concerned.
In its resolution of 14 July 1995, 36 the Court of Appeals granted SIHI's motion for clarification and denied DELTA's motion for reconsideration. As to the latter, it ruled that:
[P]etitioner DELTA is not without remedy, especially considering the ruling of the Court of Appeals in the first petition for certiorari (CA-G.R. SP No. 23068) which ruled thus:
"WHEREFORE, while the assailed decision was validly rendered by the respondent court, nonetheless it has not attained finality pending service of a copy thereof on petitioner DELTA, which may appeal therefrom within the reglementary period."
Clearly, the only issue in this petition (CA-G.R. SP No. 29147) is as to the validity of the questioned orders of respondent court dated June 3, 1992 (dismissing the notice of appeal dated November 6, 1991) and the Order dated September 14, 1992 of the same court (denying the motion for reconsideration filed by the petitioner through counsel). 37
It then decreed to amend its Resolution of 5 January 1995 by deleting the assailed paragraph.
DELTA then filed the instant petition, insisting that the matters raised in the Omnibus Motion were incidental to and included in the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals; hence, it had jurisdiction to rule on said motion. As regards the grant of SIHI's motion to strike out a paragraph in the resolution of 5 January 1995 for being obiter dictum, DELTA submitted that the latter contained a finding or affirmation of fact, thus could not have constituted obiter dictum.
After SIHI filed its comment, we gave due course to the petition and required the parties to submit their respective memoranda. DELTA and SIHI did so on 16 April 1996 and on 13 May 1996, respectively.
After a painstaking review of the record in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, we are more than convinced that respondent Court of Appeals committed no reversible error in denying DELTA's Omnibus Motion. The decision of the Court of Appeals of 17 June 1993 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 had long become final insofar as DELTA was concerned, and it very well knew that the only issues raised therein concerned the trial court's orders of 3 June 1992 and 14 September 1992. As a matter of fact, at the time Delta filed the petition in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, the orders sought to be declared null and void in the Omnibus Motion had already been issued, they having been to issued at the commencement of CA-G.R. SP No. 23068. In short, if DELTA intended such orders to be challenged in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, it could have explicitly alleged them as sources of additional causes of action and prayed for the corresponding affirmative relief therefrom, and if this course of action initially proved unavailing then DELTA could and should have moved for reconsideration on that aspect. After the finality of the decision in said case, any attempt to introduce or revive the issue had become procedurally impermissible. Plainly, the issues raised in the Omnibus Motion could have been allowed during the pendency of said case by way of amendments to the petition.
Moreover, the Court of Appeals correctly denied petitioner's Omnibus Motion in keeping with jurisprudence 38 concerning Section 7 of Rule 51 of the Rules of Court on the Procedure in the Court of Appeals, which mandates that:
Sec. 7. Questions that may be decided. — No error which does not affect the jurisdiction over the subject matter will be considered unless stated in the assignment of errors and properly argued in the brief, save as the court, at its option, may notice plain errors not specified, and also clerical errors.
Clearly then, the Court of Appeals could only consider errors raised by petitioner in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, which were limited to the trial court's orders of 3 June 1992 and 14 September 1992. These were the only errors Delta argued extensively in its brief. To allow DELTA's Omnibus Motion which it filed more than eight months from promulgation of the decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, or long after finality of said case, would result in abandonment of sound judicial process.
In light of the dispositive portions of the Court of Appeals' decisions of 22 January 1991 in CA-G.R. SP No. 23068, and of 17 June 1993 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, we cannot agree with SIHI that DELTA is barred by res judicata. This conclusion is further fortified by the unequivocal statements of the Court of Appeals in its challenged resolution of 14 July 1995 that:
[P]etitioner DELTA is not without remedy, especially considering the ruling of the Court of Appeals in the first petition for certiorari (CA-G.R. SP No. 23068) . . .
xxx xxx xxx
Clearly, the only issue in this petition (CA-G.R. SP No. 29147) is as to the validity of the questioned orders of respondent court dated June 3, 1992 (dismissing the notice of appeal dated November 6, 1991) and the Order dated September 14, 1992 of the same court (denying the motion for reconsideration filed by the petitioner through counsel).
The Court of Appeals likewise did not commit reversible error in deleting the phrase SIHI protested as obiter dictum.
An obiter dictum has been defined as an opinion expressed by a court upon some question of law which is not necessary to the decision of the case before it. 39 It is a remark made, or opinion expressed, by a judge, in his decision upon a cause, "by the way," that is, incidentally or collaterally, and not directly upon the question before him, or upon a point not necessarily involved in the determination of the cause, or introduced by way of illustration, or analogy or argument. Such are not binding as precedent. 40
The assailed phrase was indeed obiter dictum as it touched upon a matter not raised by petitioner expressly in its petition assailing the dismissal of its notice of appeal. It was not a prerequisite in disposing of the aforementioned issue. The body of the resolution did not contain any discussion on such matter nor mention any principle of law to support such statement.
WHEREFORE, the instant petition is DISMISSED and the challenged resolutions of 5 January 1995 and 14 July 1995 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147 are AFFIRMED.
Costs against petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
Narvasa, C .J ., Francisco and Panganiban, JJ ., concur.
Melo, J ., took no part; a member of the CA in CA-G.R. 23068. See footnote no. 5.
Footnotes
1. Mistakenly captioned "Petition for Review on Certiorari," Rollo, 9.
2. Original Record (OR) CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, 534-538; Imperial, J. J ., with Buena, A. and Verzola, E., JJ ., concurring.
3. Id., 570 et seq.; Rollo, 29-33.
4. OR, 269-271.
5. Id., 30-37. Per Martinez, A., J ., with Melo, J.A.R., (now an Associate Justice of this Court), and Victor, L., JJ ., concurring.
6. OR, 36.
7. Id., 38-50.
8. Id., 51-59.
9. Id., 77-78.
10. Decision of 17 June 1993 in CA-G.R. SP No. 29147, 3-4; OR, 225-226.
11. OR, 79-81.
12. OR, 82-84.
13. Id., 85-91.
14. Id., 26-28.
15. Id., 96-110.
16. Id., 111-119.
17. Id., 29.
18. Id., 1-25.
19. Id., 139.
20. Id., 162.
21. OR, 223-230.
22. Id., 242-258.
23. Id., 242-257.
24. Id., 393-397.
25. Id., 410-424.
26. OR, 510.
27. Id., 515.
28. Id., 516-517.
29. Id., 511-514.
30. Id., 534-538.
31. Id., 538.
32. Id., 539-542.
33. OR, 545-548.
34. Citing Auyong Hian v. CTA, 59 SCRA 120 [1974].
35. Citing Tobias v. Diez, 213 SCRA 253 [1992].
36. Supra, note 2.
37. Rollo, 32.
38. Miguel v. Court of Appeals, 29 SCRA 760 [1969]; Bañez v. Court of Appeals, 59 SCRA 15 [1974]; Escano v. Court of Appeals, 100 SCRA 197 [1980].
39. Auyong Hian v. Court of Tax Appeals, 59 SCRA 110, 120 [1974].
40. BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY, 967 (5th ed., 1979).