Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

SPECIAL FIRST DIVISION [C.T.A. CASE NO. 10306. October 6, 2023.] VALLE VERDE COUNTRY CLUB, INC. , petitioner , vs. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE , respondent . DECISION DEL ROSARIO , P.J p : Before this Court is a Petition for Review 1 filed on July 22, 2020 by petitioner Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. against respondent Commissioner of Internal Revenue, praying that judgment be rendered ordering respondent to refund or issue tax credit certificate (TCC) in favor of petitioner in the amount of P7,449,368.98 representing output value-added tax (VAT) remitted on membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges for the period covering April 2018 to July 2019. HTcADC THE PARTIES Petitioner Valle Verde Country Club, Inc. is a non-stock, non-profit corporation duly registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with Registration No. 61790 and with a registered address at Capt. Henry Javier St., Bo Ugong, Pasig City, 1604. 2 It was established primarily "to foster, promote, conduct legitimate athletic exercises, sports, recreational and social activities as well as entertainments of all sorts." 3 Petitioner is a VAT-registered entity with Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) Certificate of Registration No. 3RC0000789880 and Tax Identification Number (TIN) No. 000-903-152-000. 4 Respondent, on the other hand, is the Commissioner of Internal Revenue (CIR) duly appointed to perform the duties of his office, including, inter alia , the power to decide claims for tax refund or tax credit subject to the exclusive appellate jurisdiction of this Court, pursuant to Section 4 of the Tax Code and Section 7 of Republic Act (RA) No. 1125, as amended by RA No. 9282. He holds office at the BIR National Office Building, Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City. 5 THE FACTS On August 3, 2012, the BIR issued Revenue Memorandum Circular (RMC) No. 35-2012, 6 clarifying the taxability of clubs organized and operated exclusively for pleasure, recreation, and other non-profit purposes. It subjected to VAT the gross receipts of recreational clubs including but not limited to membership fees, assessment dues, rental income, and service fees. Thereafter, petitioner complied with RMC No. 35-2012 and started to subject to VAT the membership fees and assessment dues charged to its members which were remitted to the BIR through Monthly VAT Declarations (BIR Form No. 2550-M) and Quarterly VAT Returns (BIR Form No. 2550-Q). 7 CAIHTE Petitioner filed its Monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns on the following dates: Monthly VAT Declaration/ Quarterly VAT Return Date of Filing April 2018 May 19, 2018 8 May 2018 June 20, 2018 9 June 2018 (3rd Quarter of FY ending September 2018 [FY 2018]) July 24, 2018 10 July 2018 August 20, 2018 11 August 2018 September 20, 2018 12 September 2018 (4th Quarter of FY 2018) October 25, 2018 13 October 2018 November 20, 2018 14 November 2018 December 20, 2018 15 December 2018 (1st Quarter of FY ending September 2019 [FY 2019]) January 24, 2019 16 January 2019 February 20, 2019 17 February 2019 March 19, 2019 18 March 2019 (2nd Quarter of FY 2019) April 24, 2019 19 April 2019 May 15, 2019 20 May 2019 June 20, 2019 21 June 2019 (3rd Quarter of FY 2019) July 22, 2019 22 July 2019 August 20, 2019 23 On September 17, 2014, the Association of Non-Profit Clubs, Inc. (ANPC), a group of recreational clubs wherein petitioner is a member, filed a petition for declaratory relief before the Regional Trial Court of Makati City, Branch 134 (RTC Makati) in Special Civil Case No. 14-985 seeking to declare RMC No. 35-2012 invalid, unjust, oppressive, confiscatory and in violation of the due process clause of the Constitution. RTC Makati denied the petition as well as the request for reconsideration. 24 ANPC elevated the case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court in Association of Non-Profit Clubs, Inc. vs. Bureau of Internal Revenue 25 (ANPC case) granted ANPC's petition and set aside the decision of RTC Makati, viz. : aScITE " WHEREFORE , the petition is GRANTED . The Decision dated July 1, 2016 and the Order dated November 7, 2016 of the Regional Trial Court of Makati City, Branch 134, in Special Civil Case No. 14-985, are hereby SET ASIDE . The Court DECLARES that membership fees, assessment dues, and fees of similar nature collected by clubs which are organized and operated exclusively for pleasure, recreation, and other nonprofit purposes do not constitute as: (a) 'the income of recreational clubs from whatever source' that are 'subject to income tax'; and (b) part of the 'gross receipts of recreational clubs' that are 'subject to [Value-Added Tax].' Accordingly, Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 35-2012 should be interpreted in accordance with this Decision. SO ORDERED ." With the declaration of the Supreme Court that membership fees, assessment dues, and other fees collected by clubs are not subject to VAT, petitioner ceased to subject to VAT the membership fees and association dues it collected from its members. The last time petitioner remitted VAT on those charges was on July 2019. 26 On July 20, 2020, 27 petitioner filed an administrative claim for refund or issuance of TCC with BIR Revenue District Office (RDO) No. 43-Pasig City in the amount of P7,449,368.98 representing the VAT paid on membership fees, assessment dues and other charges for the period April 2018 to July 2019. 28 On July 22, 2020, petitioner filed the present Petition for Review, 29 claiming to protect its interest considering the two (2)-year prescriptive period under Section 229 of the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) of 1997, as amended. On December 15, 2020, within the extended period, 30 respondent filed his Answer. 31 Respondent's Pre-Trial Brief 32 was filed on March 9, 2021 while petitioner's Pre-Trial Brief 33 was filed on March 16, 2021. The Pre-Trial Conference was held on July 1, 2021. 34 On July 13, 2021, the parties filed their Joint Stipulation of Facts and Issues 35 which was approved by the Court in the Resolution dated July 27, 2021 thereby terminating the Pre-Trial. 36 On November 18, 2021, the Court issued the Pre-Trial Order. 37 Upon motion 38 of petitioner, the Court commissioned Atty. Clifford E. Chua, as Independent Certified Public Accountant (ICPA), on December 7, 2021. 39 During trial, petitioner presented testimonial and documentary evidence. It presented the following witnesses: Ms. Ana Liza L. Regaspi, 40 petitioner's Accounting Manager; and, Atty. Clifford E. Chua, 41 the Court-commissioned ICPA. On April 6, 2022, petitioner filed its Formal Offer of Evidence. 42 In the Resolution dated June 13, 2022, 43 the Court admitted most of petitioner's exhibits in evidence, but a number of Exhibits were denied admission for not being found in the records of the case and for being blurred or not properly scanned. In the same Resolution, petitioner was deemed to have rested its case. DETACa Thereafter, respondent presented his lone witness, Revenue Officer Wilfredo M. Pantino. 44 On June 30, 2022, Respondent's Formal Offer of Evidence was filed. 45 In the Resolution dated August 11, 2022, the Court admitted all of respondent's formally offered evidence, and respondent was deemed to have rested his case. 46 Petitioner filed its Memorandum 47 on September 27, 2022, while respondent failed to file his memorandum as per Records Verification dated October 11, 2022. 48 On October 24, 2022, the case was submitted for decision. 49 ISSUE The parties stipulated the following issue for the Court's resolution: Whether or not petitioner is entitled to tax refund in the amount of P7,449,368.98 representing its VAT for the period of April 2018 to July 2019. 50 PARTIES' ARGUMENTS Petitioner argues that: (i) RMC No. 35-2012 is contrary to the long-standing position of all the recreational clubs that the membership fees, association dues and fees of similar nature are not subject to VAT since these collections are used to defray the expenses of the club, thus, there is no VATable sales, exchange or barter to speak of; (ii) the Supreme Court has resolved that membership fees, association dues and fees of similar nature are not subject to VAT; (iii) VAT imposed and remitted to the BIR on membership fees, assessment dues and fees of similar nature were "erroneously or illegally assessed or collected," thus those payments may be the proper subject of tax refund or issuance of TCC as provided under Sections 204 (C) and 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended; (iv) the doctrine of solutio indebiti is applicable in this case as the government received something it is not entitled to; and, (v) petitioner was able to comply with the requirements to claim tax refund under Section 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended. 51 On the other hand, respondent counter-argues that: (i) taxes collected are presumed to be in accordance with laws and regulations; (ii) petitioner's alleged claim for refund is subject to administrative routinary investigation by the BIR; (iii) petitioner must prove compliance with the requirements in claiming for refund as provided in Sections 204 and 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended; and, (iv) the burden of proof is upon petitioner to establish its right to the claimed refund. 52 THE COURT'S RULING The principle of solutio indebiti cannot supplant the mandatory application of Section 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, in tax refund cases Petitioner argues that the principle of solutio indebiti is applicable in this case as the government received something it is not entitled to in the form of VAT remittances on membership dues and other similar charges. It contends that it is rightful, just and reasonable to refund the VAT collected based on interpretation of law that was invalidated by the Supreme Court. HEITAD In Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) , 53 the Supreme Court ruled on the non-applicability of the principle of solutio indebiti with regard to filing of internal revenue tax refund claims, viz. : "In this regard, petitioner is misguided when it relied upon the six (6)-year prescriptive period for initiating an action on the ground of quasi-contract or solutio indebiti under Article 1145 of the New Civil Code. There is solutio indebiti where: (1) payment is made when there exists no binding relation between the payor, who has no duty to pay, and the person who received the payment; and (2) the payment is made through mistake, and not through liberality or some other cause. Here, there is a binding relation between petitioner as the taxing authority in this jurisdiction and respondent ME RA LCO which is bound under the law to act as a withholding agent of NORD/LB Singapore Branch, the taxpayer. Hence, the first element of solutio indebiti is lacking. Moreover, such legal precept is inapplicable to the present case since the Tax Code, a special law, explicitly provides for a mandatory period for claiming a refund for taxes erroneously paid. Tax refunds are based on the general premise that taxes have either been erroneously or excessively paid. Though the Tax Code recognizes the right of taxpayers to request the return of such excess/erroneous payments from the government, they must do so within a prescribed period. Further, 'a taxpayer must prove not only his entitlement to a refund, but also his compliance with the procedural due process as non-observance of the prescriptive periods within which to file the administrative and the judicial claims would result in the denial of his claim.' " (Boldfacing supplied) The ruling in MERALCO was reiterated in Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company vs. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue 54 and more recently in Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. San Miguel Corporation 55 where the Supreme Court further held that there can be no exception from the application of the two (2)-year prescriptive period based on equity considerations because equity cannot be applied when there is clear statutory law governing the matter. Thus, to be entitled to a refund of erroneously paid taxes, petitioner must comply with the requisites provided for under Sections 204 (C) and 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, which read: aDSIHc " SEC. 204. Authority of the Commissioner to Compromise, Abate and Refund or Credit Taxes . The Commissioner may xxx xxx xxx (C) Credit or refund taxes erroneously or illegally received or penalties imposed without authority, refund the value of internal revenue stamps when they are returned in good condition by the purchaser, and, in his discretion, redeem or change unused stamps that have been rendered unfit for use and refund their value upon proof of destruction. No credit or refund of taxes or penalties shall be allowed unless the taxpayer files in writing with the Commissioner a claim for credit or refund within two (2) years after the payment of the tax or penalty: Provided, however , That a return filed showing an overpayment shall be considered as a written claim for credit or refund. " (Boldfacing supplied) xxx xxx xxx " SEC. 229. Recovery of Tax Erroneously or Illegally Collected. No suit or proceeding shall be maintained in any court for the recovery of any national internal revenue tax hereafter alleged to have been erroneously or illegally assessed or collected, or of any penalty claimed to have been collected without authority, or of any sum alleged to have been excessively or in any manner wrongfully collected, until a claim for refund or credit has been duly filed with the Commissioner ; but such suit or proceeding may be maintained, whether or not such tax, penalty, or sum has been paid under protest or duress. In any case, no such suit or proceeding shall be filed after the expiration of two (2) years from the date of payment of the tax or penalty regardless of any supervening cause that may arise after payment: Provided, however , That the Commissioner may, even without a written claim therefor, refund or credit any tax, where on the face of the return upon which payment was made, such payment appears clearly to have been erroneously paid." (Boldfacing supplied) Pursuant to the afore-quoted provisions, a taxpayer must prove the following requisites to be entitled to a refund or TCC of erroneously or illegally collected tax: 1. The tax has been erroneously or illegally collected, or the penalty has been collected without authority, and/or any sum has been excessively or in any manner wrongfully collected; and, 2. The claim for refund or credit must have been filed within two (2) years from the date of payment of tax, or penalty, regardless of any supervening cause that may arise after payment. ATICcS Timeliness of the administrative and judicial claim for refund or tax credit certificate Before delving into the merits of petitioner's claim for refund or TCC, the Court shall determine the timeliness of the filing of petitioner's administrative and judicial claims. Sections 204 (C) and 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, provide for the prescriptive period for the filing of the administrative and judicial claims for refund or recovery of tax erroneously or illegally collected. Section 204 (C) of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, applies to administrative claims for refund while Section 229 of the same Code pertains to judicial claims. 56 Under Section 204 (C), an administrative claim for refund or credit must be filed within two years from payment of the tax. Section 229, on the other hand, prescribes two conditions for an action to recover erroneously paid or illegally collected taxes, namely: (1) that an administrative claim must first be filed with the Bureau of Internal Revenue; and, (2) that the judicial claim must be filed within two years from payment of the tax. Reading the two provisions together, both administrative and judicial claims must be filed within the two-year period. Furthermore, the administrative claim must be filed before the judicial claim. 57 The primary purpose of filing an administrative claim is to serve as a notice of warning to the CIR that court action would follow unless the tax or penalty alleged to have been collected erroneously or illegally is refunded. 58 In the present case, petitioner's Application for Tax Credits/Refunds (BIR Form No. 1914) was filed before the BIR RDO No. 43 on July 20, 2020; 59 while its Petition for Review was filed with the Court on July 22, 2020. 60 This shows that petitioner filed an administrative claim first with the BIR before its judicial claim. Upon verification, records reveal that petitioner made the following payments on the following dates for its Monthly VAT Declarations (BIR Form No. 2550-M) and Quarterly VAT Returns (BIR Form No. 2550-Q) for the covered period: 2018 Return Period BIR Form No. Date of Payment Amount of VAT Paid April 2550M May 19, 2018 61 P581,280.97 62 May 2550M June 21, 2018 63 310,930.23 64 June 2550Q July 24, 2018 65 620,992.37 66 July 2550M August 20, 2018 67 998,141.67 68 August 2550M September 20, 2018 69 623,514.75 70 September 2550Q October 25, 2018 71 526,714.46 72 October 2550M November 20, 2018 73 617,985.33 74 November 2550M December 20, 2018 75 798,098.06 76 December 2550Q January 25, 2019 77 981,962.09 78 Subtotal 6,059,619.93 2019 Return Period BIR Form No. Date of Payment Amount of VAT Paid January 2550M February 20, 2019 79 2,002,315.86 80 February 2550M March 19, 2019 81 860,694.20 82 March 2550Q April 24, 2019 83 943,444.40 84 April 2550M May 15, 2019 85 472,751.09 86 May 2550M June 20, 2019 87 582,046.44 88 June 2550Q July 22, 2019 89 338,183.47 90 July 2550M August 20, 2019 91 722,720.41 92 Subtotal 5,922,155.87 TOTAL P11,981,775.80 Petitioner argues that the amount of refund claim of P7,449,368.98 is within the two (2)-year prescriptive period to file the application. The monthly return periods of April and May 2018 which were paid on May 19, 2018 and June 21, 2018, respectively, are part of the quarter ending June 2018. Thus, petitioner avers that it has until July 23, 2020 or two (2) years from the date of payment thereof to file a refund claim. Petitioner anchors its arguments on Section 114 (A) of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, and Section 4-114-1 of Revenue Regulations (RR) No. 16-2005, as amended by RR No. 13-2018, 93 which lay down the procedure for the filing and payment of VAT. It argues that for VAT purposes, what is controlling is the Quarterly VAT returns required to be filed by VAT-registered taxpayers within 25 days following the close of each taxable quarter as it reflects the result of all the VATable transactions for the three-month period. The monthly VAT declarations facilitate advance collection of VAT as those payments are credited in the quarterly VAT return. The monthly VAT declaration is similar to the function of quarterly income tax returns (ITR), the payments on the latter are credited to the annual ITR. Therefore, if the tax is paid in installments, the two (2)-year prescriptive period to file the refund shall be counted from the final payment, in this case, from July 24, 2018 or the date of payment of the Quarterly VAT Return for June 2018 which includes April and May 2018. ETHIDa Petitioner insists that the filing of its administrative and judicial claims on July 20, 2020 and July 22, 2020, respectively, were within the two (2)-year prescriptive period. Citing the cases of Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. TMX Sales 94 (TMX) and Atlas Consolidated Mining and Development Corporation vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 95 (Atlas) , petitioner contends that the prescriptive period for the monthly VAT returns for April and May 2018 should be reckoned not from May 19, 2018 and June 21, 2018, respectively, when it remitted the VAT to the BIR, but rather, from the time its quarterly VAT return ending June 30, 2018 was paid or on July 24, 2018. The Court finds merit in petitioner's argument. In TMX , the Supreme Court held that the two (2)-year prescriptive period provided in Section 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, should be counted from the filing of the final adjustment return, because it is only during that date that the exact liability or refundability of tax can be determined, viz. : TIADCc "x x x [T]he filing of quarterly income tax returns required in Section 85 (now Section 68) and implemented per BIR Form 1702-Q and payment of quarterly income tax should only be considered mere installments of the annual tax due. These quarterly tax payments which are computed based on the cumulative figures of gross receipts and deductions in order to arrive at a net taxable income, should be treated as advances or portions of the annual income tax due, to be adjusted at the end of the calendar or fiscal year. This is reinforced by Section 87 (now Section 69) which provides for the filing of adjustment returns and final payment of income tax. Consequently, the two-year prescriptive period provided in Section 292 (now Section 230) of the Tax Code should be computed from the time of filing the Adjustment Return or Annual Income Tax Return and final payment of income tax. " (Boldfacing supplied) This was reiterated by the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Philippine Bank of Communications , 96 (PBCOM) wherein it was held that Sections 204 (C) and 229 of the NIRC, as amended, provide for a two (2)-year prescriptive period in claiming a tax credit/refund from the date of the filing of the final adjustment return. The Supreme Court, citing Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Univation Motor Philippines, Inc. (Formerly Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.) , 97 elucidated: "Indeed, the two-year period in filing a claim for tax refund is crucial. While the law provides that the two-year period is counted from the date of payment of the tax, jurisprudence, however, clarified that the two-year prescriptive period to claim a refund actually commences to run, at the earliest, on the date of the filing of the adjusted final tax return because this is where the figures of the gross receipts and deductions have been audited and adjusted, reflective of the results of the operations of a business enterprise. Thus, it is only when the Adjustment Return covering the whole year is filed that the taxpayer would know whether a tax is still due or a refund can be claimed based on the adjusted and audited figures." (Boldfacing supplied) In Atlas , the Supreme Court held that VAT is computed and paid on a purely quarterly basis and that until the VAT-registered taxpayer prepares and submits its quarterly VAT return, there is no way of knowing with certainty just how much output VAT it is due to pay for the quarter, to wit: It is true that unlike corporate income tax, which is reported and paid on installment every quarter, but is eventually subjected to a final adjustment at the end of the taxable year, VAT is computed and paid on a purely quarterly basis without need for a final adjustment at the end of the taxable year. However, it is also equally true that until and unless the VAT-registered taxpayer prepares and submits to the BIR its quarterly VAT return, there is no way of knowing with certainty just how much input VAT the taxpayer may apply against its output VAT; how much output VAT it is due to pay for the quarter or how much excess input VAT it may carry-over to the following quarter; or how much of its input VAT it may claim as refund/credit. It should be recalled that not only may a VAT-registered taxpayer directly apply against his output VAT due the input VAT it had paid on its importation or local purchases of goods and services during the quarter; the taxpayer is also given the option to either (1) carry over any excess input VAT to the succeeding quarters for application against its future output VAT liabilities, or (2) file an application for refund or issuance of a tax credit certificate covering the amount of such input VAT. Hence, even in the absence of a final adjustment return, the determination of any output VAT payable necessarily requires that the VAT-registered taxpayer make adjustments in its VAT return every quarter , taking into consideration the input VAT which are creditable for the present quarter or had been carried over from the previous quarters." (Boldfacing supplied) cSEDTC Considering the foregoing, it is only after the filing of the quarterly VAT return that a taxpayer's VAT liability or refundability of output VAT can be determined. Applying by analogy the ruling in TMX and PBCOM , it is logical therefore to conclude that the two (2)-year period within which petitioner should file its claim for refund or issuance of TCC in this case should be reckoned from the date of the filing of its quarterly VAT returns. A perusal of the records reveals that petitioner made the following payments on the following dates for its Monthly VAT Declarations (BIR Form No. 2550-M) and Quarterly VAT Returns (BIR Form No. 2550-Q): Return Period Date of Payment (BIR Form No. 2550-M and 2550-Q) 2-Year Prescriptive Period Administrative Claim Filed Judicial Claim Filed April 2018 May 19, 2018 98 July 24, 2020 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 May 2018 June 21, 2018 99 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 June 2018 (3rd Quarter of FY 2018) July 24, 2018 100 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 July 2018 August 20, 2018 101 October 25, 2020 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 August 2018 September 20, 2018 102 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 September 2018 (4th Quarter of FY 2018) October 25, 2018 103 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 October 2018 November 20, 2018 104 January 25, 2021 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 November 2018 December 20, 2018 105 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 December 2018 (1st Quarter of FY 2019) January 25, 2019 106 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 January 2019 February 20, 2019 107 April 24, 2021 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 February 2019 March 19, 2019 108 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 March 2019 (2nd Quarter of FY 2019) April 24, 2019 109 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 April 2019 May 15, 2019 110 July 22, 2021 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 May 2019 June 20, 2019 111 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 June 2019 (3rd Quarter of FY 2019) July 22, 2019 112 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 July 2019 August 20, 2019 113 Cannot be determined 114 July 20, 2020 July 22, 2020 Given the above output VAT payments on membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges for the period covering April 2018 to July 2019, petitioner made the first payment and remittance to the BIR on May 19, 2018 under the Monthly VAT Declaration for April 2018. This first payment of output VAT is covered by the 3rd Quarter of FY 2018 wherein the Quarterly VAT Return was filed on July 24, 2018. Counting two (2) years from said date, petitioner had until July 24, 2020, at the earliest, within which to file its administrative and judicial claims for refund for the subject covered period. Clearly, petitioner's administrative claim filed on July 20, 2020, and the subsequent judicial claim before this Court filed on July 22, 2020 were within the two (2)-year period prescribed by law. AIDSTE The membership fees, assessment dues, and the like collected by petitioner from its members are not subject to VAT under the NIRC of 1997, as amended. RMC No. 35-2012 115 categorically subjected the gross receipts of recreational clubs, including but not limited to membership fees, assessment dues, rental income and service fees to VAT, to wit: "b. Value-Added Tax Section 105 of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended, provides: SECTION 105. Persons Liable. Any person who, in the course of trade or business, sells, barters, exchanges, leases goods or properties, renders services, and any person who imports goods shall be subject to the value-added tax (VAT) imposed in Sections 106 to 108 of this Code. xxx xxx xxx The phrase 'in the course of trade or business' means the regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or an economic activity, including transactions incidental thereto, by any person regardless of whether or not the person engaged therein is a nonstock, nonprofit private organization (irrespective of the disposition of its net income and whether or not it sells exclusively to members or their guests), or government entity. (Emphasis omitted) SDAaTC The above provision is clear even a non-stock, non-profit organization or government entity is liable to pay VAT on the sale of goods or services. xxx xxx xxx Clearly, the gross receipts of recreational clubs including but not limited to membership fees, assessment dues, rental income, and service fees are subject to VAT ." (Boldfacing supplied) In Association of Non-Profit Clubs, Inc. vs. Bureau of Internal Revenue , 116 the Supreme Court declared as invalid the BIR's interpretation in RMC No. 35-2012 that membership fees, assessment dues, and the like are part of "the gross receipts of recreational clubs" that are "subject to VAT." Membership fees, assessment dues, and the like collected by recreational clubs do not involve the sale, barter, exchange of goods or property, nor are they generated by the performance of services, as such, they are not subject to VAT per Section 105 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, viz. : "In the same way, the Court declares as invalid the BIR's interpretation in RMC No. 35-2012 that membership fees, assessment dues, and the like are part of 'the gross receipts of recreational clubs' that are 'subject to VAT.' It is a basic principle that before a transaction is imposed VAT, a sale, barter or exchange of goods or properties, or sale of a service is required . This is true even if such sale is on a cost-reimbursement basis. Section 105, Chapter I, Title IV of the 1997 NIRC reads: Section 105. Persons Liable . Any person who, in the course of trade or business, sells, barters, exchanges, leases goods or properties, renders services , and any person who imports goods shall be subject to the value-added tax (VAT) imposed in Sections 106 to 108 of this Code. The value-added tax is an indirect tax and the amount of tax may be shifted or passed on to the buyer, transferee or lessee of the goods, properties or services. This rule shall likewise apply to existing contracts of sale or lease of goods, properties or services at the time of the effectivity of Republic Act No. 7716. The phrase "in the course of trade or business" means the regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or an economic activity, including transactions incidental thereto, by any person regardless of whether or not the person engaged therein is a nonstock, nonprofit private organization (irrespective of the disposition of its net income and whether or not it sells exclusively to members or their guests ), or government entity. The rule of regularity, to the contrary notwithstanding, services as defined in this Code rendered in the Philippines by nonresident foreign persons shall be considered as being rendered in the course of trade or business. (Emphases supplied) AaCTcI As ANPC aptly pointed out, membership fees, assessment dues, and the like are not subject to VAT because in collecting such fees, the club is not selling its service to the members. Conversely, the members are not buying services from the club when dues are paid; hence, there is no economic or commercial activity to speak of as these dues are devoted for the operations/maintenance of the facilities of the organization. As such, there could be no "sale, barter or exchange of goods or properties, or sale of a service" to speak of, which would then be subject to VAT under the 1997 NIRC. " (Boldfacing supplied) This was reiterated by the Supreme Court in Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Federation of Golf Clubs of the Philippines, Inc. , 117 to wit: " As to VAT, the Court interpreted that RMC No. 35-2012 erroneously included the gross receipts of recreational clubs on membership fees, assessment dues, and the like as subject to VAT because Section 105 of the 1997 NIRC specified the taxability of only those which deal with the "sale, barter or exchange of good or properties, or sale of service." In collecting such fees from their members, recreational clubs are not selling any kind of service, in the same way that the members are not procuring service from them. Thus, "there could be no sale, barter or exchange of goods or properties, or sale of a service to speak of, which would then be subject to VAT under the 1997 NIRC." (Boldfacing supplied) Based on the afore-quoted pronouncements, recreational clubs are not selling any kind of service when they are collecting membership fees, assessment dues, and the like from their members, nor are the members procuring services from the recreational clubs. As such, there could be no "sale, barter or exchange of goods or properties, or sale of a service" to speak of, which would then be subject to VAT under the NIRC of 1997, as amended. Thus, recreational club membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges are not subject to VAT under Section 105 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended. Petitioner failed to prove that a portion of its VAT payments pertains to the amount subject of the claim. As provided under Section 229 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended, a taxpayer who claims for refund or credit on the ground of erroneous payment must prove that it has paid the tax and such payment was erroneous. Likewise, as held in Eastern Telecommunications Philippines, Inc. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , 118 a taxpayer claiming for a tax credit or refund must not only prove its entitlement to the claim but it must also show compliance with all the documentary and evidentiary requirements thereto. acEHCD A perusal of petitioner's eFPS Payment Details attached to its monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns reveals that it made monthly and quarterly VAT payments in the total amount of P11,981,775.80 for the period April 2018 to July 2019, as follows: Exhibit No. BIR Form No. Tax Period Payment Transaction Number Date of Payment Amount Paid P-5 119 2550-M 04/30/2018 183147056 05/19/2018 P581,280.97 P-6 120 2550-M 05/31/2018 183569224 06/21/2018 310,930.23 P-7 121 2550-Q 06/30/2018 183997799 07/24/2018 620,992.37 P-8 122 2550-M 07/31/2018 184477520 08/20/2018 998,141.67 P-9 123 2550-M 08/31/2018 184976200 09/20/2018 623,514.75 P-10 124 2550-Q 09/30/2018 185459596 10/25/2018 526,714.46 P-11 125 2550-M 10/31/2018 185960408 11/20/2018 617,985.33 P-12 126 2550-M 11/30/2018 186476172 12/20/2018 798,098.06 P-13 127 2550-Q 12/31/2018 197088901 01/25/2019 981,962.09 P-14 128 2550-M 01/31/2019 197606054 02/20/2019 2,002,315.86 P-15 129 2550-M 02/28/2019 197960907 03/19/2019 860,694.20 P-16 130 2550-Q 03/31/2019 198505227 04/24/2019 943,444.40 P-17 131 2550-M 04/30/2019 198918373 05/15/2019 472,751.09 P-18 132 2550-M 05/31/2019 199427558 06/20/2019 582,046.44 P-19 133 2550-Q 06/30/2019 199814777 07/22/2019 338,183.47 P-20 134 2550-M 07/31/2019 190334273 08/20/2019 722,720.41 Total Monthly/Quarterly VAT Payments P11,981,775.80 The above monthly and quarterly VAT Payments are derived by applying petitioner's creditable input tax credits against its output tax for the period April 2018 to July 2019. Petitioner's VAT returns declared the following Output VAT for the period April 2018 to July 2019: CY 2018 Period Gross Receipts Subjected to VAT Exhibit No. Amount Output VAT April P-5-2 135 7,320,167.65 878,420.12 May P-6-2 136 9,736,034.86 1,168,324.18 June P-7-2 137 8,768,011.30 1,052,161.36 138 July P-8-2 139 11,580,442.39 1,389,653.09 August P-9-2 140 7,638,012.47 916,561.50 September P-10-2 141 7,684,793.47 922,175.22 142 October P-11-2 143 10,377,282.82 1,245,273.94 November P-12-2 144 10,822,018.92 1,298,642.27 December P-13-2 145 14,937,152.52 1,792,458.30 146 Subtotal 88,863,916.40 10,663,669.98 CY 2019 Period Gross Receipts Subjected to VAT Exhibit No. Amount Output VAT January P-14-2 147 22,624,635.90 2,714,956.31 February P-15-2 148 9,165,297.38 1,099,835.69 March P-16-2 149 10,255,574.13 1,230,668.90 150 April P-17-2 151 6,529,756.55 783,570.79 May P-18-2 152 7,603,663.44 912,439.61 June P-19-2 153 6,501,787.18 780,214.46 154 July P-20-2 155 8,406,468.51 1,008,776.22 Subtotal 71,087,183.09 8,530,461.98 TOTAL 159,951,099.49 19,194,131.94 156 With regard to its total creditable input tax for the period April 2018 to July 2019, petitioner reflected in its VAT Returns a total amount of P7,212,356.16, broken down as follows: EcTCAD Tax Period BIR Form No. Input Tax Total Allowable Input Tax 157 [(a) + (b) (c)] Exhibit No. On Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods 158 (a) On Domestic Purchase of Services 159 (b) Less: Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sale 160 (c) 2018 April 2550-M P-5-1 230,256.03 80,728.99 13,845.87 297,139.15 May 2550-M P-6-1 208,331.98 682,639.70 33,577.72 857,393.96 June 2550-Q P-7-1 169,038.26 161 275,145.31 162 13,014.59 163 431,168.98 July 2550-M P-8-1 109,911.11 296,744.02 15,143.71 391,511.42 August 2550-M P-9-1 139,579.33 169,411.35 15,943.93 293,046.75 September 2550-Q P-10-1 127,669.39 164 287,578.39 165 19,787.03 166 395,460.75 October 2550-M P-11-1 114,648.09 538,294.77 25,654.25 627,288.61 November 2550-M P-12-1 165,536.00 351,928.64 16,920.43 500,544.21 December 2550-Q P-13-1 386,756.37 167 447,125.78 168 23,385.94 169 810,496.21 Subtotal 1,651,726.56 3,129,596.95 177,273.47 4,604,050.04 2019 January 2550-M P-14-1 278,559.70 446,581.27 12,500.52 712,640.46 February 2550-M P-15-1 107,748.84 141,077.16 9,684.52 239,141.48 March 2550-Q P-16-1 134,701.07 170 166,066.45 171 13,543.02 172 287,224.50 April 2550-M P-17-1 165,835.64 165,256.70 20,272.65 310,819.69 May 2550-M P-18-1 181,076.26 166,691.43 17,374.51 330,393.18 June 2550-Q P-19-1 170,632.25 173 277,099.18 174 5,700.44 175 442,030.99 July 2550-M P-20-1 128,275.95 172,225.41 14,445.54 286,055.82 Subtotal 1,166,829.71 1,534,997.60 93,521.20 2,608,306.12 TOTAL P2,818,556.27 P4,664,594.55 P270,794.67 P7,212,356.16 To summarize, petitioner's total Monthly/Quarterly VAT Payments of P11,981,775.80 was computed by deducting the total creditable input tax of P7,212,356.16 to the total output tax of P19,194,131.94 for the period April 2018 to July 2019, viz. : SDHTEC Particular Amount Total Output Tax Due P19,194,131.94 Less: Creditable Input Tax (7,212,356.16) VAT Amount Payable (Overpayment) P11,981,775.80 Based on the above computation, it can be gleaned that the amount of Total Output Tax of P19,194,131.94 was paid by petitioner through: (1) application of its creditable input tax against its output tax; and, (2) monthly/quarterly VAT payments for the excess thereof. Hence, in order to refund the claim of VAT on membership fees, assessment dues and other similar charges petitioner alleges to have erroneously paid, it must provide evidence showing payment of the two (2) aforementioned items. First, with regard to petitioner's creditable input tax, it must be emphasized that Sections 204 and 229 of the 1997 NIRC, as amended, must be read in conjunction with the provision of Section 4.110-8 of RR No. 16-2005, which states that in order for input taxes to be available as tax credits, they must be substantiated and reported in the VAT returns of the taxpayer. 176 An examination of the documents adduced by petitioner as evidence shows that it did not include any evidence to prove the allowable input tax declared in its Monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns. The evidence presented and offered by petitioner include: Summary of VAT Remittance for the period January 2018 to July 2019; 177 Monthly VAT Declarations with eFPS Payment Details; 178 Quarterly VAT Returns with eFPS Payment Details; 179 VAT ORs covering the subject period; 180 and Application for Tax Credits/Refunds dated July 20, 2020. 181 Notably, supporting documents relevant to petitioner's substantiation of its applied creditable input tax were absent. Therefore, the Court could not determine the veracity of the above total input tax credits as petitioner failed to substantiate the same by way of VAT invoices for domestic purchases of goods and VAT Official Receipts (ORs) for domestic purchases of services as provided under Section 110 (A) (1), 182 in relation to Section 113 (A) (1) and (2) 183 of the NIRC of 1997, as amended. Second, with regard to petitioner's monthly/quarterly VAT payments of P11,981,775.80 for the period April 2018 to July 2019, as discussed earlier, petitioner was able to prove that it paid the said amount through eFPS Payment Details attached to its monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns. HSAcaE To reiterate, only the output tax proven to have been paid may be refunded provided that the same or a portion thereof, as in this case, corresponds to the membership fees, association dues, and other similar charges which are not subject to VAT as ruled in the ANPC case. In its Petition , 184 petitioner alleges that out of its total gross receipts of P159,951,099.49 subjected to VAT for the period April 2018 to July 2019, P62,078,074.80 with a corresponding output VAT of P7,449,368.98 pertain to membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges charged to its members in accordance with RMC No. 35-2012. The amount of P7,449,368.98 in fine represents petitioner's total claim, to wit: CY 2018 Period Gross Receipts Subjected to VAT Alleged Membership Fees, Assessment Dues and Other Similar Charges Exhibit No. Amount Output VAT Amount Output VAT April P-5-2 185 7,320,167.65 878,420.12 2,741,573.99 328,988.88 May P-6-2 186 9,736,034.86 1,168,324.18 2,705,172.52 324,620.70 June P-7-2 187 8,768,011.30 1,052,161.36 188 2,587,880.43 310,545.65 July P-8-2 189 11,580,442.39 1,389,653.09 2,689,030.61 322,683.67 August P-9-2 190 7,638,012.47 916,561.50 2,870,448.51 344,453.82 September P-10-2 191 7,684,793.47 922,175.22 192 2,629,622.14 315,554.66 October P-11-2 193 10,377,282.82 1,245,273.94 4,403,763.82 528,451.66 November P-12-2 194 10,822,018.92 1,298,642.27 4,000,000.00 480,000.00 December P-13-2 195 14,937,152.52 1,792,458.30 196 5,601,683.29 672,202.00 Subtotal 88,863,916.40 10,663,669.98 30,229,175.31 3,627,501.04 CY 2019 Period Gross Receipts Subjected to VAT Alleged Membership Fees, Assessment Dues and Other Similar Charges Exhibit No. Amount Output VAT Amount Output VAT January P-14-2 197 22,624,635.90 2,714,956.31 17,368,303.57 2,084,196.43 February P-15-2 198 9,165,297.38 1,099,835.69 2,687,658.74 322,519.05 March P-16-2 199 10,255,574.13 1,230,668.90 200 2,873,785.71 344,854.29 April P-17-2 201 6,529,756.55 783,570.79 2,173,562.23 260,827.47 May P-18-2 202 7,603,663.44 912,439.61 2,107,142.86 252,857.14 June P-19-2 203 6,501,787.18 780,214.46 204 1,832,500.00 219,900.00 July P-20-2 205 8,406,468.51 1,008,776.22 2,805,946.38 336,713.57 Subtotal 71,087,183.09 8,530,461.98 31,848,899.49 3,821,867.95 TOTAL 159,951,099.49 19,194,131.94 206 62,078,074.80 7,449,368.98 207 Based on petitioner's Monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns for the covered period, petitioner claims that its total output tax due of P19,194,131.94 consists of the amount of P11,744,762.96 representing the gross receipts correctly subjected to VAT while the amount of P7,449,368.98 subject of the claim for refund pertains to the alleged membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges collected from its members in accordance with RMC No. 35-2012. As support, petitioner presented VAT ORs 208 it issued for the gross receipts it reported for the covered period of April 2018 to July 2019 in the total amount of P159,951,099.49. Upon perusal of petitioner's VAT ORs, it is noted that pertinent details therein that would categorically identify the portion of the gross receipts pertaining to the alleged membership dues, assessment fees and other charges subject of the claim were absent. Even the nature of the payment as provided in the aforesaid VAT ORs was proven to be at best ambiguous. For instance, in most of the VAT ORs, payments were made for "DUE," "ACCT," "CONSUMABLES," "CHECK#," "PR#." Clearly, said documents could not be solely relied upon by the Court in determining the veracity of petitioner's claim. No other pieces of evidence were adduced by petitioner that would verify its claim that the total output tax of P7,449,368.98 was actually the total output tax from membership dues, assessment fees and other similar charges. The only document that provides for and corroborates the breakdown of petitioner's gross receipts is the Report 209 of the Court-commissioned ICPA, Atty. Clifford E. Chua. In his examination, Atty. Chua noted that out of the P19,194,131.94 total output VAT reflected in petitioner's VAT Returns for the period April 2018 to July 2019, only P18,702,299.17 were supported by petitioner's VAT ORs. Further, of the total P18,702,299.17 output VAT, P7,412,656.00 were verified by Atty. Chua to pertain to the membership fees, assessment dues and other similar charges for the period April 2018 to July 2019, to wit: "c. With respect to procedure 3, I traced the collections reflected in the ORs and ascertained if the same pertain to membership fees, assessment dues and similar charges under existing rules and regulations and as interpreted in the Supreme Court ruling which is not subject to VAT or for income from facilities, sales of food and other services, penalties or other charges which is subject to VAT. The results of procedure are detailed in Annexes "Q" to "FF" and summarized below: Period Covered VATable Sales VAT Membership Dues VAT from Membership Dues Other Charges VAT from Other Charges April 2018 6,991,530.94 838,983.71 2,740,851.43 328,902.17 4,250,679.51 510,081.54 May 2018 9,526,567.48 1,143,188.10 2,701,052.71 324,126.33 6,825,514.77 819,061.77 June 2018 8,224,352.08 986,922.25 2,587,502.25 310,500.27 5,636,849.83 676,421.98 July 2018 8,295,435.21 995,452.22 2,687,471.39 322,496.57 5,607,963.82 672,955.65 August 2018 7,682,910.16 921,949.22 2,869,880.93 344,385.71 4,813,029.23 577,563.51 September 2018 7,552,798.36 906,335.80 2,627,712.89 315,325.55 4,925,085.46 591,010.26 October 2018 10,421,435.30 1,250,572.24 4,399,219.91 527,906.39 6,022,215.39 722,665.85 November 2018 10,969,520.21 1,316,342.43 3,996,442.96 479,573.15 6,973,077.25 836,769.28 December 2018 15,923,200.53 1,910,784.06 5,595,823.49 671,498.82 10,327,377.04 1,239,285.24 January 2019 27,111,923.41 3,253,430.81 17,290,851.64 2,074,902.20 9,821,071.77 1,178,528.61 February 2019 7,026,401.04 843,168.12 2,685,182.81 322,221.94 4,341,218.22 520,946.19 March 2019 7,763,044.35 931,565.32 2,872,987.13 344,758.46 4,890,057.21 586,806.87 April 2019 6,413,389.35 769,606.72 2,171,245.59 260,549.47 4,242,143.76 509,057.25 May 2019 7,238,524.31 868,622.92 2,107,142.86 252,857.14 5,131,381.46 615,765.77 June 2019 6,436,161.27 772,339.35 1,636,001.29 196,320.15 4,800,159.98 576,019.20 July 2019 8,275,299.14 993,035.90 2,802,763.97 336,331.68 5,472,535.17 656,704.22 TOTAL 155,852,493.14 18,702,299.17 61,772,133.25 7,412,656.00 94,350,359.87 10,702,836.32 In his Judicial Affidavit, 210 Atty. Chua testified that he checked petitioner's VAT ORs with its accounting records and billing statements in order to ascertain that the collections reflected in the VAT ORs pertain to membership fees and assessment dues subject of the claim: HESIcT "17.Q: Based on your report, how did you ascertain that the collections reflected in the ORs pertain to membership fees and/or assessment dues? "A: We checked the collections reflected in the OR with the Petitioner's accounting records to ascertain that the amounts pertain to members (sic) fees and/or assessment dues. In addition, we also checked the billing statements in their records for validation. " (Boldfacing supplied) However, the only relevant documents included by petitioner in its Formal Offer of Evidence 211 were the VAT ORs, Summary of VAT Remittance, Monthly VAT Declarations and Quarterly VAT Returns with eFPS Payment Details, and Application for Tax Credits/Refunds. Notably, the accounting records and the billing statements Atty. Chua mentioned in his Judicial Affidavit which may have been relevant to determine the veracity of the alleged membership fees, assessment dues and other similar charges subject of the claim were absent. Thus, petitioner was not able to meet the burden of proof required for a taxpayer in a claim for refund or tax credit as it failed to provide supporting documents to prove the veracity of the breakdown of the gross receipts with its corresponding alleged erroneous payment of output tax, as stated in its Petition and ICPA's Report. It must be emphasized that, although the findings of the ICPA are accorded with respect, the same are not conclusive upon the Court. Section 3, Rule 13 of the Revised Rules of the Court of Tax Appeals, as amended, provides that the Court is not bound by the findings of the ICPA, viz. : " SEC. 3. Findings of independent CPA . The submission by the independent CPA of pre-marked documentary exhibits shall be subject to verification and comparison with the original documents, the availability of which shall be the primary responsibility of the party possessing such documents and, secondarily, by the independent CPA. The findings and conclusions of the independent CPA may be challenged by the parties and shall not be conclusive upon the Court, which may, in whole or in part, adopt such findings and conclusion subject to verification. " (Boldfacing supplied) Therefore, the Court has the discretion to either adopt (completely or partially) or even disregard the findings and conclusions of the ICPA, after making its own verification and evaluation of the evidence on record. In brief, the Court still has the final say as to whether or not petitioner has proven its claim after it has evaluated the evidence presented. In the present case, the Court cannot simply give credence to the ICPA's unsubstantiated assertion that the total amount of P61,772,133.25 with its corresponding output tax of P7,412,656.00 were verified to represent the total membership dues, assessment fees and other similar charges erroneously paid by the petitioner for the period April 2018 to July 2019. AcICHD It is a time-honored principle that in an application for a tax refund or certificate, a taxpayer needs to establish not only that the same is justified under the law, but also the amount that ought to be refunded. If said amount cannot be ascertained with particularity, there is cause to deny the refund, or allow it only to the extent of the sum that is actually proven as due. 212 It bears stressing further that taxes are the lifeblood of the government. Hence, tax laws must not only be faithfully and strictly implemented; they must not likewise be liberally construed. 213 As such, actions for tax refunds or credit are in the nature of tax exemptions which must be construed in strictissimi juris against the taxpayer and the pieces of evidence entitling him or her to an exemption must also be strictissimi scrutinized and duly proven. 214 The claimant has the burden of proof to establish the factual basis of his or her claim for tax credit or refund. 215 Petitioner, unfortunately, failed to discharge this burden. WHEREFORE , premises considered, the present Petition for Review is DENIED for lack of merit. SO ORDERED. (SGD.) ROMAN G. DEL ROSARIO Presiding Justice Catherine T. Manahan and Marian Ivy F. Reyes-Fajardo, JJ. , concur. Footnotes 1. Docket, pp. 6-20. 2. Par. 1, Petition for Review, Docket, p. 6; Exhibit "P-3", Docket, p. 35. 3. Exhibit "P-2-1", Docket, p. 26. 4. Exhibit "P-3", Docket, p. 35. 5. Par. 1, I. Admitted Facts, Joint Stipulation of Facts and Issues (JSFI), Docket, p. 252. 6. SUBJECT: Clarifying the Taxability of Clubs Organized and Operated Exclusively for Pleasure, Recreation, and Other Non-Profit Purposes. 7. Par. 8, Petition for Review, Docket, p. 8; No. 20 Q&A, Judicial Affidavit of Ana Liza L. Regaspi, Exhibit "P-23", Docket, pp. 163-164. 8. Exhibit "P-5-1", Docket, pp. 444-445. 9. Exhibit "P-6-1", Docket, pp. 447-448. 10. Exhibit "P-7-1", Docket, pp. 450-451. 11. Exhibit "P-8-1", Docket, pp. 453-454. 12. Exhibit "P-9-1", Docket, pp. 456-457. 13. Exhibit "P-10-1", Docket, pp. 459-460. 14. Exhibit "P-11-1", Docket, pp. 462-463. 15. Exhibit "P-12-1", Docket, pp. 465-466. 16. Exhibit "P-13-1", Docket, pp. 468-469. 17. Exhibit "P-14-1", Docket, pp. 471-472. 18. Exhibit "P-15-1", Docket, pp. 474-475. 19. Exhibit "P-16-1", Docket, pp. 477-478. 20. Exhibit "P-17-1", Docket, pp. 480-481. 21. Exhibit "P-18-1", Docket, pp. 483-484. 22. Exhibit "P-19-1", Docket, pp. 486-487. 23. Exhibit "P-20-1", Docket, pp. 489-490. 24. Par. 9, Petition for Review, Docket, p. 8; Association of Non-Profit Clubs, Inc. (ANPC), herein represented by its authorized representative, Ms. Felicidad M. Del Rosario, vs. Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), herein represented by Hon. Commissioner Kim S. Jacinto-Henares , G.R. No. 228539, June 26, 2019. 25. G.R. No. 228539, June 26, 2019. 26. Par. 11, Petition for Review, Docket, p. 8; No. 23 Q&A, Judicial Affidavit of Ana Liza L. Regaspi, Exhibit "P-23", Docket, p. 164. 27. Exhibit "P-21-1", Docket, p. 85. 28. Exhibits "P-21" and "P-22", Docket, pp. 85-91 and 92. 29. Docket, pp. 6-20. 30. Resolution dated December 21, 2020, Docket, p. 191. 31. Docket, pp. 182-188. 32. Docket, pp. 206-210. 33. Docket, pp. 225-229. 34. Minutes of Hearing and Order dated July 1, 2021, Docket, pp. 241-244 and 245-246. 35. Docket, pp. 252-255. 36. Docket, p. 268. 37. Docket, pp. 307-321. 38. Docket, pp. 256-258. 39. Minutes of Hearing and Order dated December 7, 2021, Docket, pp. 326-328 and 329-331. 40. Exhibit "P-23", Judicial Affidavit of Ana Liza L. Regaspi, Docket, pp. 156-168; and Minutes of Hearing and Order dated December 7, 2021, Docket, pp. 326-328 and 329-331. 41. Exhibit "P-42", Judicial Affidavit of Atty. Clifford E. Chua, Docket, pp. 338-344; and Minutes of Hearing and Order dated March 29, 2022, Docket, pp. 424-426 and 427-428. 42. Docket, pp. 431-442. 43. Docket, pp. 496-499. 44. Exhibit "R-8", Judicial Affidavit, Docket, pp. 211-216; and Minutes of the Hearing and Order dated June 28, 2022, Docket, pp. 500-502 and 503-504. 45. Docket, pp. 507-509. 46. Docket, pp. 517-518. 47. Docket, pp. 519-535. 48. Docket, p. 536. 49. Docket, p. 537. 50. IV. Issues to be Tried or Resolved, Pre-Trial Order, Docket, p. 316. 51. Memorandum, Docket, pp. 519-535. 52. Answer, Docket, pp. 182-188. 53. G.R. No. 181459, June 9, 2014. 54. G.R. No. 182582, April 17, 2017. 55. G.R. Nos. 180740 & 180910, November 11, 2019. 56. Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Univation Motor Philippines, Inc. (formerly Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.) , G.R. No. 231581, April 10, 2019. 57. Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Carrier Air Conditioning Philippines, Inc. , G.R. No. 226592, July 27, 2021. 58. Metropolitan Bank & Trust Company vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 182582, April 17, 2017. 59. Exhibit "P-22", Docket, p. 92. 60. Docket, p. 6. 61. Exhibit "P-5", Docket, p. 443. 62. Exhibit "P-5-3", Docket, p. 445. 63. Exhibit "P-6", Docket, p. 446. 64. Exhibit "P-6-3", Docket, p. 448. 65. Exhibit "P-7", Docket, p. 449. 66. Exhibit "P-7-3", Docket, p. 451. 67. Exhibit "P-8", Docket, p. 452. 68. Exhibit "P-8-3", Docket, p. 454. 69. Exhibit "P-9", Docket, p. 455. 70. Exhibit "P-9-3", Docket, p. 457. 71. Exhibit "P-10", Docket, p. 458. 72. Exhibit "P-10-3", Docket, p. 460. 73. Exhibit "P-11", Docket, p. 461. 74. Exhibit "P-11-3", Docket, p. 463. 75. Exhibit "P-12", Docket, p. 464. 76. Exhibit "P-12-3", Docket, p. 466. 77. Exhibit "P-13", Docket, p. 467. 78. Exhibit "P-13-3", Docket, p. 469. 79. Exhibit "P-14", Docket, p. 470. 80. Exhibit "P-14-3", Docket, p. 472. 81. Exhibit "P-15", Docket, p. 473. 82. Exhibit "P-15-3", Docket, p. 475. 83. Exhibit "P-16", Docket, p. 476. 84. Exhibit "P-16-3", Docket, p. 478. 85. Exhibit "P-17", Docket, p. 479. 86. Exhibit "P-17-3", Docket, p. 481. 87. Exhibit "P-18", Docket, p. 482. 88. Exhibit "P-18-3", Docket, p. 484. 89. Exhibit "P-19", Docket, p. 485. 90. Exhibit "P-19-3", Docket, p. 487. 91. Exhibit "P-20", Docket, p. 488. 92. Exhibit "P-20-3", Docket, p. 490. 93. SEC. 4-114-1. Filing of Return and Payment of VAT. (A) Filing or Return . Every person liable to pay the value-added tax imposed under this Title shall file a quarterly return of the amount of his gross sales or receipts within twenty-five (25) days following the close of each taxable quarter prescribed for each taxpayer. The term "taxable quarter" shall mean that quarter that is synchronized with the income tax quarter of the taxpayer ( i.e. , the calendar quarter or fiscal quarter): Provided, however, That VAT-registered persons shall pay the value-added tax on a monthly basis: Provided, finally That beginning January 1, 2023, the filing and payment required under the Tax Code shall be done within twenty-five (25) days following the close of each taxable quarter. Amounts reflected in the monthly VAT declarations for the first two (2) months of the quarter shall still be included in the quarterly VAT return which reflects the cumulative figures for the taxable quarter. Payments in the monthly VAT returns shall, however, be credited in the quarterly VAT return to arrive at the net VAT payable or excess input tax/over-payment as of the end of a quarter. x x x 94. G.R. No. 83736, January 15, 1992. 95. G.R. Nos. 141104 and 148763, June 8, 2017. 96. G.R. No. 211348, February 23, 2022. 97. Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs. Univation Motor Philippines, Inc. (Formerly Nissan Motor Philippines, Inc.) , G.R. No. 231581, April 10, 2019. 98. Exhibit "P-5", Docket, p. 443. 99. Exhibit "P-6", Docket, p. 446. 100. Exhibit "P-7", Docket, p. 449. 101. Exhibit "P-8", Docket, p. 452. 102. Exhibit "P-9", Docket, p. 455. 103. Exhibit "P-10", Docket, p. 458. 104. Exhibit "P-11", Docket, p. 461. 105. Exhibit "P-12", Docket, p. 464. 106. Exhibit "P-13", Docket, p. 467. 107. Exhibit "P-14", Docket, p. 470. 108. Exhibit "P-15", Docket, p. 473. 109. Exhibit "P-16", Docket, p. 476. 110. Exhibit "P-17", Docket, p. 479. 111. Exhibit "P-18", Docket, p. 482. 112. Exhibit "P-19", Docket, p. 485. 113. Exhibit "P-20", Docket, p. 488. 114. Petitioner failed to present its 4th Quarterly VAT Return for FY 2019. Thus, the Court cannot determine the date of filing of said return which is the reckoning date for the two (2)-year prescriptive period for the payment of VAT for July 2019. 115. SUBJECT: Clarifying the Taxability of Clubs Organized and Operated Exclusively for Pleasure, Recreation, and Other Non-Profit Purposes, August 3, 2012. 116. G.R. No. 228539, June 26, 2019. 117. G.R. No. 226449, July 28, 2020. 118. G.R. No. 183531, March 25, 2015. 119. Docket, p. 443. 120. Docket, p. 446. 121. Docket, p. 449. 122. Docket, p. 452. 123. Docket, p. 455. 124. Docket, p. 458. 125. Docket, p. 461. 126. Docket, p. 464. 127. Docket, p. 467. 128. Docket, p. 470. 129. Docket, p. 473. 130. Docket, p. 476. 131. Docket, p. 479. 132. Docket, p. 482. 133. Docket, p. 485. 134. Docket, p. 488. 135. Docket, p. 444. 136. Docket, p. 447. 137. Docket, p. 450. 138. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for April and May 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending June 2018 , or [3,098,905.66 (878,420.12 + 1,168,324.18)]. 139. Docket, p. 453. 140. Docket, p. 456. 141. Docket, p. 459. 142. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for July and August 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending September 2018 , or [3,228,389.80 (1,389,653.09 + 916,561.50)]; with .01 difference. 143. Docket, p. 462. 144. Docket, p. 465. 145. Docket, p. 468. 146. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for October and November 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending December 2018 , or [4,336,374.51 (1,245,273.94 + 1,298,642.27)]. 147. Docket, p. 471. 148. Docket, p. 474. 149. Docket, p. 477. 150. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for January and February 2019 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending March 2019 , or [5,045,460.89 (2,714,956.31 + 1,099,835.69)]; with .01 difference. 151. Docket, p. 480. 152. Docket, p. 483. 153. Docket, p. 476. 154. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for April and May 2019 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending June 2019 , or [2,476,224.86 (783,570.79 + 912,439.61)]. 155. Docket, p. 489. 156. With 0.02 difference. 157. Item 21 for BIR Form No. 2550-M and Item 24 for BIR Form No. 2550-Q. 158. Item 18F for BIR Form No. 2550-M and Item 21F for BIR Form No. 2550-Q. 159. Item 18J for BIR Form No. 2550-M and Item 21J for BIR Form No. 2550-Q. 160. Item 20C for BIR Form No. 2550-M and Item 23C for BIR Form No. 2550-Q. 161. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods" for April (Exhibit "P-5-1") and May 2018 (Exhibit "P-6-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2018 , or [607,626.27 (230,256.03 + 208,331.98)]. 162. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Services" for April (Exhibit "P-5-1") and May 2018 (Exhibit "P-6-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2018 , or [1,038,514.00 (80,728.99 + 682,639.70)]. 163. This is derived by subtracting the "Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sales" for April (Exhibit "P-5-1") and May 2018 (Exhibit "P-6-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2018 , or [60,438.18 (13,845.87 + 33,577.72)]. 164. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods" for July (Exhibit "P-8-1") and August 2018 (Exhibit "P-9-1") to that for the quarter ending September 2018 , or [377,159.83 (109,911.11 + 139,579.33)]. 165. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Services" for July (Exhibit "P-8-1") and August 2018 (Exhibit "P-9-1") to that for the quarter ending September 2018 , or [753,733.76 (296,744.02 + 169,411.35)]. 166. This is derived by subtracting the "Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sales" for July (Exhibit "P-8-1") and August 2018 (Exhibit "P-9-1") to that for the quarter ending September 2018 , or [50,874.67 (15,143.71 + 15,943.93)]. 167. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods" for October (Exhibit "P-11-1") and November 2018 (Exhibit "P-12-1") to that for the quarter ending December 2018 , or [666,940.46 (114,648.09 + 165,536.00)]. 168. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Services" for October (Exhibit "P-11-1") and November 2018 (Exhibit "P-12-1") to that for the quarter ending December 2018 , or [1,337,349.19 (538,294.77 + 351,928.64)]. 169. This is derived by subtracting the "Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sales" for October (Exhibit "P-11-1") and November 2018 (Exhibit "P-12-1") to that for the quarter ending December 2018 , or [65,960.62 (25,654.25 + 16,920.43)]. 170. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods" for January (Exhibit "P-14-1") and February 2019 (Exhibit "P-15-1") to that for the quarter ending March 2019 , or [521,009.61 (278,559.70 + 141,077.16)]. 171. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Services" for January (Exhibit "P-14-1") and February 2019 (Exhibit "P-15-1") to that for the quarter ending March 2019 , or [753,724.88 (446,581.27 + 141,077.16)]. 172. This is derived by subtracting the "Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sales" for January (Exhibit "P-14-1") and February 2019 (Exhibit "P-15-1") to that for the quarter ending March 2019 , or [35,728.06 (12,500.52 + 9,684.52)]. 173. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Goods Other than Capital Goods" for April (Exhibit "P-17-1") and May 2019 (Exhibit "P-18-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2019 , or [517,544.15 (165,835.64 + 181,076.26)]. 174. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Domestic Purchases of Services" for April (Exhibit "P-17-1") and May 2019 (Exhibit "P-18-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2019 , or [609,047.31 (165,256.70 + 166,691.43)]. 175. This is derived by subtracting the Input Taxes on "Input Tax Allocable to Exempt Sales" for April (Exhibit "P-17-1") and May 2019 (Exhibit "P-18-1") to that for the quarter ending June 2019 , or [43,347.60 (20,272.65 + 17,374.51)]. 176. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 221694 (Notice), January 19, 2021. 177. Exhibit "P-4", Docket, p. 36. 178. Exhibits "P-5", "P-5-1", "P-6", "P-6-1", "P-8", "P-8-1", "P-9", "P-9-1", "P-11", "P-11-1", "P-12", "P-12-1", "P-14", "P-14-1", "P-15", "P-15-1", "P-17", "P-17-1", "P-18", "P-18-1", "P-20", and "P-20-1", Docket, pp. 443-445, 446-448, 452-454, 455-457, 461-463, 464-466, 470-472, 473-475, 479-481, 482-484, and 488-490. 179. Exhibits "P-7", "P-7-1", "P-10", "P-10-1", "P-13", "P-13-1", "P-16", "P-16-1", "P-19", and "P-19-1", Docket, pp. 449-451, 458-460, 467-469, 476-478 and 485-487. 180. Exhibits "P-25-001" to "P-25-1210", "P-26-001" to "P-26-1343", "P-27-001" to "P-27-1147", "P-28-001" to "P-28-1258", "P-29-001" to "P-29-1230", "P-30-001" to "P-30-1214", "P-31-001" to "P-31-1444", "P-32-001" to "P-32-1345", "P-33-001" to "P-33-1559", "P-3-001" to "P-34-2589", "P-35-001" to "P-35-1194", "P-36-001" to "P-36-1247", "P-37-001" to "P-37-1142", "P-38-001" to "P-38-1278", "P-39-001" to "P-39-1098", and "P-40-001" to "P-40-1324". 181. Docket, Vol. II, pp. 431-442. 182. SEC. 110. Tax Credits . A) Creditable Input Tax (1) Any input tax evidenced by a VAT invoice or official receipt issued in accordance with Section 113 hereof on the following transactions shall be creditable against the output tax: . . . (Boldfacing supplied) 183. SEC. 113. Invoicing and Accounting Requirements for VAT-registered Persons . (A) Invoicing Requirements . A VAT-registered person shall issue: (1) A VAT invoice for every sale , barter or exchange of goods or properties ; and (2) A VAT official receipt for every lease of goods or properties, and for every sale, barter or exchange of services . (Boldfacing supplied) 184. CTA Docket, Vol. II, p. 9. 185. Docket, p. 444. 186. Docket, p. 447. 187. Docket, p. 450. 188. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for April and May 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending June 2018 , or [3,098,905.66 (878,420.12 + 1,168,324.18)]. 189. Docket, p. 453. 190. Docket, p. 456. 191. Docket, p. 459. 192. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for July and August 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending September 2018 , or [3,228,389.80 (1,389,653.09 + 916,561.50)]; with .01 difference. 193. Docket, p. 462. 194. Docket, p. 465. 195. Docket, p. 468. 196. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for October and November 2018 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending December 2018 , or [4,336,374.51 (1,245,273.94 + 1,298,642.27)]. 197. Docket, p. 471. 198. Docket, p. 474. 199. Docket, p. 477. 200. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for January and February 2019 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending March 2019 , or [5,045,460.89 (2,714,956.31 + 1,099,835.69)]; with .01 difference. 201. Docket, p. 480. 202. Docket, p. 483. 203. Docket, p. 486. 204. This is derived by subtracting the Output Taxes for April and May 2019 to the Total Output Tax for the quarter ending June 2019 , or [2,476,224.86 (783,570.79 + 912,439.61)]. 205. Docket, p. 489. 206. With 0.02 difference. 207. Id. ; with 0.01 difference. 208. Exhibits "P-25-1" to "P-25-1210", "P-26-1" to "P-26-1343", "P-27-1" to "P-27-1147", "P-28-1" to "P-28-1258", "P-29-1" to "P-29-1230", "P-30-1" to "P-30-1214", "P-31-1" to "P-31-1444", "P-32-1" to "P-32-1345", "P-33-1" to "P-33-1559", "P-34-1" to "P-34-2589", "P-35-1" to "P-35-1194", "P-36-1" to "P-36-1247", "P-37-1" to "P-37-1142", "P-38-1" to "P-38-1278", "P-39-1" to "P-39-1098", "P-40-1" to "P-40-1324". 209. Exhibit "P-41", pp. 4-5. 210. Exhibit "P-42", CTA Docket Vol. II, pp. 338-343. 211. Docket, pp. 431-442. 212. Far East Bank and Trust Co. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 138919, May 2, 2006. 213. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 221694, January 19, 2021. 214. Kepco Philippines Corporation vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 179961, January 31, 2011. 215. Citibank, N.A. vs. Court of Appeals and Commissioner of Internal Revenue , G.R. No. 107434, October 10, 1997.